Defense lawyers claimed that the initial confessions were forced by the local sheriff. Four of the men were executed in Virginia's electric chair on February 2, 1951. The young men with spotty employment records but no real criminal history soon became known as the Martinsville Seven. [2] A relative of the Hairstons has said that their family tradition always said that Floyd had been having an affair with one of the defendants, but this was not explored at trial. The campaign included picket lines, a demonstration by hundreds rallying in Richmond to try to persuade Gov. Although it was dark, Floyd testified in all six trials identifying each of the seven. Cause of death Details of the circumstance surrounding our beloved, Ruby Stroud Floyddeath is not public yet, we will share more as we learn. They were quickly tried in six separate trials (two agreed to be tried together), and each was convicted and sentenced to death. The Martinsville 7 were charged with the rape of a white woman, Ruby Stroud Floyd, in a black neighborhood of Martinsville, Virginia on January 8, 1949. "But to kill them and not even really know that all of them even committed this crime? "[2] Their concern was ensuring a fair trial.[2]. From left to right: John Clabon Taylor, Joe Henry Hampton, Francis DeSales Grayson, Booker T. Millner, James Luther Hairston, Howard Lee Hairston, and Frank Hairston. The trial lasted for eleven days, during which the jury heard testimonies from both sides, including medical evidence of Floyds physical injuries and accounts from black witnesses whom Floyd appealed to for help after the assault. The Martinsville 7, seven African American men sentenced to death for the rape of a white woman in Virginia are shown in a group photograph while in prison in 1950. For the first time, records were kept at a central location. Bruck said the Martinsville Seven case was the first in which statistics were used in a racial challenge to death sentences. [2], The NAACP thought that involvement by the CRC in appeals could endanger the defendants both because of their inflammatory tactics and its communist affiliation. The seven men, ranging in age from 18-37 years old, were arrested in 1949 for the reported rape of 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, a white woman who lived in Martinsville. The longest deliberations lasted less than two hours, Rise said. "[17], National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, False accusations of rape as justification for lynchings, "These 7 Black Men Were Executed For An Alleged Rape. [2] The men were executed in early February. "Booker T. gave the little colored boy a quarter and told him to go (away)," Hampton told police. In denying appeals to commute the Martinsville 7 death sentences, Virginias Governor John S. Battle said, that the wave of messages that flooded his desks was cosponsored by the Civil Rights Congress and the Communist Party. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. [2], Rise says that the white community disdained Ruby Floyd for her missionary work with the Jehovah's Witnesses and for her willingness to enter the black part of Martinsville. You have permission to edit this article. NAACP officials focused national attention to the case, hoping to delay or overturn the death penalty judgment. The Martinsville 7 were charged with the rape of a white woman, Ruby Stroud Floyd, in a black neighborhood of Martinsville, Virginia on January 8, 1949. The seven executed were all workers. The night of Feb. 1, 1951, hundreds of people of both races gathered at the state Capitol to pray. John Marshall boys basketball reclaims No. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. The seven were charged with the rape of Ruby Stroud Floyd in a black neighborhood of Martinsville, Virginia on January 8, 1949. The Martinsville 7 Project, according to their website, seeks to highlight the case, share their stories, collect and post records related to the case, and promote the pardon request. Only one of the accused had a prior criminal record, and most of the men were employed. In addition, each of the jury pools for the six separate trials contained some African Americans. By Tamantha / 08.31.2021 Photo: AFP via Getty Images Joe Henry Hampton, 21, was the first man tried. I'm grateful to the advocates and families of the Martinsville Seven for their dedication and perseverance. Man died Wednesday. John S. Battle. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. The NAACP appeals also noted that since Virginia started use of the electric chair, only black men had been executed for rape in the state for what was a non-lethal crime. Archives Unbound. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. It's even worse than that. They applied the bulk of the funds raised to the defense of clients. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. By the spring of 1949, all seven men were charged with rape. She had previously distributed Jehovah's Witnesses materials in the neighborhood. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. [11], The case of the Martinsville Seven was taken up by outside groups, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Civil Rights Congress (CRC). There were no black jurors because the prosecution vetoed all potential black jurors. Drag images here or select from your computer for Ruby Stroud Floyd memorial. After being questioned by local police officers, the defendants initially confessed to committing or witnessing the crime. Oops, we were unable to send the email. "I am not excusing rape. . Defense lawyers argued that Floyd had consented to sexual intercourse by failing to forcibly resist the men and that the initial confessions were forced by the local sheriff. 20072023 Blackpast.org. Virginia law authorized capital punishment for accessories, parties to the act of rape who did not take part in the act. NAACP officials focused national attention to the case, hoping to delay or overturn the death penalty judgment. It was a dramatic shift for Virginia, a state that had the second-highest number of executions in the U.S. . A life so beautifully lived deserves to be beautifully remembered. Other prosecution witnesses included Grayson's wife, Josephine, who also testified for the defense in some of the cases; a sister of one of the defendants; and a black woman who assisted Floyd after the attack. The propaganda emanating from these sources bears no semblance of truth and is designed for no other purpose than to foment ill feeling between the races and to mislead those who have no knowledge of the true fact of these cases.. She said her father, her uncle and Hampton's brother visited Hampton at the jail while he was awaiting trial and that Hampton told them they were making him sleep on the cement floor without clothes. The "Martinsville Seven," as the men became known, were all convicted of raping 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, a white woman who had gone to a predominantly Black neighbourhood in. The rapes occurred on Saturday, January 8, 1949, after Ruby Stroud Floyd, a 32-year-old white woman, entered a black neighborhood in Martinsville, Virginia, to collect money for clothing she had sold. Another, from China, called the sentence a "barbaric" example of American "fascist hooliganism". "Most of the time, the families, the people who were of age in that era, they talked about it in private homes, in churches and other places and always felt as though it was really a serious injustice. It is not known whether Floyd is still alive and if so, where. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. Their petition does not argue that the men were innocent, but says their trials were unfair and the punishment was extreme and unjust. In 1977 the Supreme Court referred to those arguments with respect to rulings in other cases. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. While the NAACP focused on racial equality as part of Cold War American democratic visions, CRC mobilized left-based organizations and newspapers from around the world to pressure state and national officials to intervene. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. 1 ranking in country. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. He sobbed loudly when Northam told the family members he would grant the pardons after meeting with them Tuesday. Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. Prospective jurors in each trial included some blacks, but all 72 jurors selected to try the cases were white. The image is a Newspaper Enterprise Association photograph printed in a newspaper that has not been identified. Persons: howard lee hairston, ruby stroud floyd , liz ryan, frank hairston, james grayson, annie hobson, booker t millner, john battle, mary wade, ruby floyd, james hairston, james luther hairston, frank hairston jr, joe henry hampton. In 1977, in its ruling in Coker v. Georgia, the US Supreme Court ruled that "it is repugnant to an enlightened society for the state to kill a person for a crime that does not result in death," declining to extend the death penalty to a person guilty of raping an adult woman. "No one believed they should get off free " she said. A small donation would help us keep this available to all. It was not until a 1977 Georgia case that the U.S. Supreme Court ended death sentences for rape, but because the death penalty was a "grossly disproportionate" punishment for rape, and not on the basis of race. Some questioned the accuracy of parts of the confessions, and at least one said he did not have intercourse with Floyd and that he did not see Floyd resist anyone. The Spotsylvania County Sheriffs Office has decided to end its participation on a national television show, at least for now. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. "[2] The prosecution did not explicitly discuss race; it argued the case based on the "preservation of community stability, not the protection of southern womanly virtues,"[2] as had formerly been common. "[6], In December 2020, the Martinsville 7 Project asked Virginia Governor Ralph Northam to pardon the Martinsville Seven posthumously and issue an apology. (Figures for 1949 are not available, but one-third of the 1,505 rape victims in the state in 2009 were black women. He said none of the men had attorneys present while they were interrogated. Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. Despite the efforts put forth by the NAACP, four of the Martinsville Seven were electrocuted on February 2, 1951. Before their executions, protesters picketed at the White House, and the governor's office received letters from around the world asking for mercy. Try again later. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Ruby Floyd (78661616)? John S. Battle to grant clemency to no avail. But, she said, "It's been so long, ain't no need of digging in it now.". By the next morning, all the men in custody had signed confessions. They noted the assaults of Floyd had no evidence of homicidal intent. When she and the boy returned, Hampton said he grabbed her and the others joined in the assault, according to his confession. The low IQ low life disregard they are the biggest killers of themselves. The Civil Rights Congress defended the men originally, and later conducted two marches and other attempts to raise awareness and conduct a public campaign on behalf of their agenda. He further stated, "We all deserve a criminal justice system that is fair, equal, and gets it rightno matter who you are or what you look like. Most of the men were between 18 and 20 years old and worked as laborers in small-scale furniture factories and warehouses. From 1908 when Virginia began using the electric chair to 1951, state records show that all 45 people executed for rape were Black, he said. Thank you, Lord," he said, as he wept while being embraced by two other descendants of the men. The "Martinsville Seven," as the men became known, were all convicted of raping 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, a white woman who had gone to a predominantly black neighborhood in Martinsville . No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). During the eleven-day trials, juries heard testimonies from both sides, including medical evidence of Floyds physical injuries and accounts from black witnesses whom Floyd appealed to for help after the assault. By early 1951, legal strategies to save the Martinsville Seven were exhausted and the NAACP, joined by the Civil Rights Congress (CRC), turned towards a public relations campaign aimed at commuting the mens death sentences. Please if you have any form of concern, suggestions, or query as regards this publication, kindly contact us. The remaining three were electrocuted on February 5. The Associated Press contributed to this report. Try again. After being questioned by local police officers, the defendants initially confessed to committing or witnessing the crime. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Ruby Stroud Floyd I found on Findagrave.com. There were six trials two defendants elected to be tried together held back to back, none of them lasting more than a day. Northam announced the pardons after meeting with about a dozen descendants of the men and their advocates. Whittle.[7]. COPYRIGHT (C) 2017 - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - BLACK THEN In Richmond, more than 200 people, most wearing black armbands, marched to Capitol Square from a memorial meeting at Third Street Bethel AME Church. 7 Black men executed in 1951 for rape granted posthumous pardons The Martinsville Seven were convicted of raping 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, a white woman who visited a predominantly Black community in 1949 to collect money for outfits she sold. Each were. The attack occurred in Cherrytown, the black section of Martinsville. It is a filthy, sick crime," Hodge-Muse said. Share. Northam announced the pardons after meeting with about a dozen descendants of the men and their advocates. Gravely also does not believe everything has come out about the case. 2021 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. Racism was less explicit in the trial than in cases known as "legal lynchings" in the South, in which innocent men were convicted (e.g., the Scottsboro Boys, Willie McGee), and the Groveland Boys. James Walter Grayson is the son of Francis DeSales Grayson, who was one of the seven. Baseball legend Jackie Robinson's name misspelled as "Jakie" on road sign, Serena Williams honored at NAACP Image Awards, City, family reach $2 million settlement in Florida fatal police shooting, How these 3 hashtags from Black Twitter changed America, announced new steps to streamline the pardon process. This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 23:13. All 45 men executed in Virginias electric chair in 1951 for the crime of rape were black men convicted of assaulting white women. [15] It is the largest execution for rape charges in the United States. The police first arrested Frank Hairston, Jr. and Booker T. Millner, and soon picked up James Luther Hairston, Howard Lee Hairston, John Clabon Taylor, Francis DeSales Grayson, then James Henry Hampton as additional suspects. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. Ruby Stroud Floyd always brought light to every room entered. This legal argument of a discriminatory death penalty was denied by the courts at that time, but by 1977 the U.S. Supreme Court began to consider the effects of race on the death penalty. There was a problem getting your location. "It means so much to me," he said of the pardon. Audience Relations, CBC P.O. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. The CRC focused on producing pamphlets and publicity for outside campaigns to raise awareness about the case, including internationally, and hoped to put pressure on government officials. A physician who treated Floyd after the attack testified that she suffered a swollen lip, scratches on the back of her neck, the back of her right chest and on her buttocks. [2] The NAACP did not want the CRC to participate in the litigation directly. Virginia Gov. Ruby belonged to a predominantly black neighborhood in Martinsville,. Ralph Northam granted posthumous pardons Tuesday to seven Black men who were executed in 1951 for the rape of a white woman, in a case that attracted pleas for mercy from around the world and in recent years has been denounced as an example of racial disparity in the use of the death penalty. But Northam said Tuesday that the death penalty for rape was applied almost exclusively to Black people. She was emotionally upset, said the doctor, her underclothing was missing and her coat, dress and slip were "extremely dirty.". JavaScript is disabled. But the remaining three men were executed on Monday, Feb. 5. Failed to report flower. Weve updated the security on the site. There was considerable community sentiment against the men. SHELBY- Annie "Ruby" Raines Stroud, 89, of 329 Reece Road, Shelby, departed this life on April 11, 2015, at Hospice of Wendover. Although the defense attorneys pointed out mitigating circumstances, the juries quickly convicted each defendant and sentenced them to execution in the electric chair. A better quality image can be found in the Fight for Racial Justice: the Civil Rights Congress (Gale) that can be accessed online through the D.C. Public Library databases, among other methods. They were not assigned a lawyer. This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. Northam said some of the defendants were impaired at the time of their arrests or unable to read confessions they signed. Translation on Find a Grave is an ongoing project. Floyd identified Grayson and Hampton as her rapists but struggled to identify the others because the attack happened at night. W.F. "I remember the very day the police came to the door. A grand jury (which included both black and white members) indicted all the men. At a hospital where she was examined for internal injuries, she told police that a group of black men raped her. Two weeks after Whittle's warning, the Martinsville defendants were convicted and sentenced to join them. Learn more about merges. Four more suspects were arrested that night, based in part on the first two men's confessions. "We all deserve a criminal justice system that is fair, equal, and gets it rightno matter who you are or what you look like. Meanwhile, other demonstrators picketed the White House in support of the sevcen. Footage too graphic to publish shows the man . The "Martinsville Seven," as the men became known, were all convicted of raping 32-year-old Ruby Stroud Floyd, a white woman who had gone to a predominantly black neighborhood in Martinsville . Switch to the light mode that's kinder on your eyes at day time. The Martinsville Seven were a group of seven African American men from Martinsville, Virginia, who were convicted and executed for raping a white woman in 1949. Hampton said he, Howard Hairston, Booker T. Millner and Frank Hairston Jr., were drinking wine near some railroad tracks that Saturday night. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/78661616/ruby-floyd. "I won't talk about that," Martin said. Grayson said he was 4 years old when his father was executed. At age 37, World War II veteran Francis DeSales Grayson was the oldest of the defendants. The CRC in turn criticized the NAACP for its reliance on a legal strategy that had a dubious chance of success in a southern state where rigid Jim Crow was enforced. In his study on the case, Rise concluded that, "At a time when African-Americans were beginning to assert their civil rights vigorously, the executions provided a stark reminder of the harsh treatment reserved for blacks who violated Southern racial codes.". After a long legal battle led by the NAACP and a grassroots campaign led by the Civil Rights Congress, the seven were executed in 1951 on February 2nd and February 5th. Rise said that after Battle's clemency rejection, Martin filed a writ of habeas corpus a civil challenge to the death sentences arguing that the seven were denied equal protection under the law guaranteed by the 14th Amendment. Their petition does not argue that the men were innocent, but says their trials were unfair and the punishment was extreme and unjust. After a long legal battle led by the NAACP and a grassroots campaign led by the Civil Rights Congress, the seven were executed in 1951 on February 2nd and February 5th. Doris Gravely, 80, of Martinsville, a first cousin of Joe Henry Hampton, the first of the seven executed, talked about the case in her living room last month. The appellate courts upheld the convictions and sentences, and the US Supreme Court twice refused to hear the cases. 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