Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. Let's Go! endstream endobj startxref Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! 3. a. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. %%EOF Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. a. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. 2 Total: 129 a. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Most African . chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. In . Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. AQ` n& This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. Introduction This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. 0 In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. a. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Lessons. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Thanks for reading Scientific American. 0 The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Watch the . These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. II. 254 0 obj <> endobj hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. PART 2: Video Activity . In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. 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