I have seen small nails used for tipping spears, lances made in this fashion being particularly dead- ly. Illustration from Notes on the Aborigines of New South Wales - Plate 9 Bull-roarers used by the Australian Aborigines source: Wikicommons. Marsupials were in abundance among the ridges and on the flat lands; there were birds In the trees and on the swamps. The Australian Museum has one of the worlds most-significant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander collections, with artworks, technologies and cultural material representing First Nations communities from across Australia. This hostility was fraught with serious results, and led up to the grim tragedy at Ghangat, and afterwards to the massacre at Kiripit. The bull-roarers increase in loudness, and come quite near, and the guardians tell the novices to raise their heads and look. Social - dances, association meetings and gatherings, visitors, and general gossip columns. When it became necessary to change the fish diet, the blacks had a wide expanse of bush wherever to forage, a territory at that time teeming with game of all descrip- tions. The station teamster, returning with supplies signalled his approach in the time- honored custom of cracking his bullock whip and bullock whips those far-away days were no doubt just as effective instruments as they are to-day in the back country centres of Australia. The men and boys then change their position, and all march abreast. They would take a fish, thrust a finger through the soft flesh just beneath a side fin, and through that small orifice withdraw all the entrails. The Aboriginal to-day pretends to know nothing but if full trust can be established it will be found that he does know. All the men at the goonambang then start towards the kackaroo in single file, march- ing in a meandering course, and shouting as they go. The prisoner being ordered to stand remanded, Mr. Nichols rose to state a circumstance regarding the unfortu- nate man which had come under his personal observation. Another fear was always paramount in their minds, one that could be readily traced back to its genesis,and that was dread of at tack by other tribes. Here the mothers and sisters of the novices assemble every day for the purpose of singing and dancing, and on these occasions the mothers carry the yamsticks, ornamented with bunches of leaves tied on their ends, already referred to. After the morning meal has been disposed of, all the young men, accompanied by some of the old fellows, again start away to the goonambang, carrying their spears and other weapons with them, and coinmence painting their bodies jet black with powdered charcoal and. - As before stated, the novices are taken to the goon- ambang (excrement place), where they remain till the women and children have departed from the other circle, which would occupy half an hour, or perhaps longer. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. Sir The aboriginal black named in the margin [McCarthy,] for whose appre- hension a reward of 10 was offered some time since in the Govt Gazette, has lately made his appearance in this neighbourhood, and could be easily captured, but as. What makes me remember the corroboree was the fight that followed. The throwers had marvellous command over them, and could actually direct and control their flight in any direction. Explore the world's largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 23 Aug 1927 Page 6 MURDER BY BLACKS. When the camp became go noisome that even the accustomed noses of the inhabitants revolted, the tribe would move in a body to another site, distant beyond [the] smell of the old homes. The aboriginal natives were the primary tenants of this soil ; they subsisted in the woods by fishing and hunting:, and it was illegal for any one to disturb them in the possession of these natural rightsThe jury af- ter having retired for considerably upwards of an hour, returned with a verdict of Guilty of Manslaughter, but recommended the prisoner to mercy, from the peculiar circumstances under which the offence was committed. But tho summers (kurrawarn) were temperate and the winters (tuokerah) genial for the most part, so that constitutions inured through centuries of experience to vagaries of the seasons took no hurt from the changes bf temperature when they did come. Meanwhile a strong body of settlers from the Williams and Allen Rivers struck out to the north-west, ascending the Williams and Chichester Rivers. My great-great-great grandmother belonged to the Gringai group of the Won- narua people. A timeline of Australian Museum exhibitions, events, cultural object and policies connected to Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders. This was done and Mr. Donelan accompanied me himself to Stroud, while the constables and soldiers went by water to Booral. A piece of suitable wood invariably myrtle had to be found, curved as much as possible in the rough shape to be assumed by the finished article. FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Then he came forward to the fire no one speaking to him, nor apparently looking at him. It was a very simple process for the tribe to kill all they needed. Lettris The body was dropped in sideways and after a stone hatchet and a club were placed beside it the grave was filled in and the ceremonies ended. I verily believe that they would have held a shark. The men would decorate themselves with pipe-clay and ochre, painting fantastic patterns about their faces and bodies, and they would wear head-dresses of weird and wonderful designs. The bush abounded with game in the form of kangaroos, wallabies, possums, emus, flying-foxes, wild duck, swans, parrots, pigeons. Learn more about this collection acquired by Alexander Morrison in the New South Wales Hunter Valley during in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After performing Divine service in the forenoon, I left Mr. White to do so in the afternoon, and set off at 2, accompanied by Captain Moffatt for Tellighary, where we arrived at little past five, and slept , there there that night. A newly releasedindependent heritage review commissioned by the NSW Department of Planning as part of its assessment for the mine extension determined the Ravensworth Estate was "likely to meet the threshold for state heritage significance for its historical heritage value". up in the smoke, the men raise a guttural shout, and the women wave their arms up and down. The section of the tree intended to be used for the purpose was first shaped in the rough and then put In the sea water for a lengthy period until the sap had gone and the tissue toughened. The opossum, with his pronounced eucalyptus flavor, was also esteemed a great delicacy, and these dainty little arboreal citizens received scant consideration when the tribe was on a foraging expedition. At the end of the song they would burst into shrieks of raucous merriment. These were sacred to the owner. I immediately sent for Macintyre and the black and after obtaining the whole account, kept the latter in custody, and the next day were engaged in collecting a. party from some of the stations around the Gloucester, with arms and ammunition to go in pursuit of the murderers at daylight to-morrow morning. [8], A range of alternate names for the Wonnarua people are Wanaruah, Wanaruwa, Wonnuaruah, Wannerawa, Wonarura, and Wonnahare. The animal or bird representing the respective totem is of course sacred to the particular person to whom it belongs, and though he may not kill or eat it, those in other groups are free to do so. When these two men get close to the goonambang they gently hit the boomerangs which they carry in their hands against those in their belts, and the hosts answer, huk! Saturday, 8th June. What the first settlers also brought with them were a wide range of European diseases, to which the locals had no immunity, resulting in what in other parts of the world has been called conquest by disease. It is today difficult to ascertain what actually happened at the climax of the ceremony, but the spiritual experience was to be impregnated in the memories of these young boys until their final return to the spirit world. The Wonnarua. During the day-time the novices are sometimes allowed to sit up, keeping their eyes towards the ground, but are not allowed to speak to anyone. One was held on the top of the ridge in Irwins paddock, at the back of the house which is now situated at the Underbank-Wangat turn-off. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. Knocks and bumps, cuts and scratches, sustained in the ordinary course of daily life, troubled them not one whit. Australian Indigenous family. They now jump and dance, forming a group in the centre, after which they step out of it, and all the people go and have their breakfast. A few of the old men remain standing near them, armed with spears, to see that the covering is not interfered with. As soon as the guardians, novices, and the contingent who follow them are out of sight of the kackaroo, the covering is taken off the women by the men who have charge of them, and they are permitted to rise. I once saw a black named Charlie Dee mount a huge turpentine tree, more than 100-feet to the first limb, by simply using toe holds cut with his ready tomahawk. |Last modifications, Copyright 2000-2022 sensagent Corporation: Online Encyclopedia, Thesaurus, Dictionary definitions and more. What was going through the minds of the initiates on this walk would have been awe-inspiring. No European casualties are mentioned but it said that the Aboriginals had acquired some guns which was the reason for the retreat. The Wonnarua. Sir By the directions of T. Cook, Esq., our Supt of Police, and in explanation of that part of your letter to him dated the 30th July, relative to the aboriginal black named in the margin [Jemmy], I do myself the honor to inform you that the said black native was tried at this court on 29th January last, and found guilty of an assault and robbery, and committed to take his trial before the Supreme Court. After the dances and games are over, one of the men sometimes sounds a goonandhakeea (excrement-eater) in the bush near the camp. The territories on which Canberra (Ngunnawal), Perth (Noongar),. The Wonnarua also had trade and ceremonial links with the Kamilaroi people. All the people from Dingadee side crossed over it when the river was up, for groceries, mail, etc. The toys in our collection were acquired between 1885 and 2018, and are made from various materials. About Mr Gordon Bennetts interesting articles on our Earliest Inhabitants just concluded. Conclusion.-The following day, the strange tribes begin to disperse, and start away on their return journey to the districts from which they have come. he would cry. I do not hesitate to say that so long as the present prosperity continues we shall have no outbreaking with the blacks, for it was starvation alone that drove them to perform the cruel act they did two years ago. The upper stone was a water- worn basalt pebble flattened on one side only from use: It was used for grinding seeds, including those of the Kurrajong and it is the first I have seen from eastern New South Wales. A section of the Kamilaroi occupied the upper waters flowing into the Hunter and Goulburn, and the easy gap from the west probably afforded them ready access for their raids. As the neophytes are held. . Capt. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. Around the Manning River basin, there were reports of waterholes and gifts of food being laced with arsenic known as The Harmony so the jungle of the Barrington became a refuge for Aboriginal people. ~;26BBV?AsU7uNbhGkC5x"lvV3=: ;A~=6456v;H>JEl$v+vmK9ox-+/NpC*xj}HQJYvaKv`?6- \ The marsupials ran in large mobs, easily driven by the nimble natives to a point where waiting groups could spear them with ease. To this, as the present means of quieting them, I was obliged to accede. I have seen it. They saw some of it. These spirits were supposed to dwell in the bodies of the medicine men. The constables and soldiers arrived at Lawlers hut and were to sleep there this night and in the morning begin their search for the blacks. The shafts of the spears were made of various hardwood, scraped carefully to the required thickness with shells or pieces of broken bot- tles. Visitors to this website should be aware that some materials may use language that is offensive or sensitive. having no desire to return to her tribe. Any danger that might have arisen, through residence in malodorous and unhygienic environment was avoided in a very simple and practical fashion. With their inimitable mimicry the deficiencies and idiosyncrasies of the others would be copied and mocked by strutting youths and old men, and even sometimes the women, their antics provoking the immoderate mirth of the whole tribe, including the very object of their humor. [3], On 5 September 1995, descendants of Sara Madoo, a traditional custodian of the Wonnarua lands, passed the Federal Court registration test of native title claims, pursuant to Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) s190A. Here the two tribes met and fought. The Queen [women], so far as I could ascertain, were marked some- what similarly on the back and across the tops of the shoulders. It needed but little to divert the simple minds of the natives. It was amazing the quantity of food the toddlers could consume, and It was astonishing that it did them no harm. Black Jack Macarty, another native who had some authority let out a terrible yell and the fight stopped for a while. Some of the English has been edited to modern equivalents, for example, Jew-Lizard becomes Eastern Water Dragon. Nature appeared to have safeguarded them In her own Inscrutable fashion against most of the ailments that afflict civilised man but she had not prepared them against the diseases that the white man brought in his train. Their hair would be closely cropped; they would be covered with grease and charcoal, and their whole appearance would be as though they had indeed undergone some tremendous mental and physical strain.I have been told that circumcision was practiced among the coastal blacks in the early days, but during my time at Port Stephens this was never part of the ceremonies, nor was it ever the custom to knock out one of the front teeth of the initiates, although this was done in the early twenties when the A. These stones are raked out of the heap of earth and ashes in the middle of the ring, and are warm, owing to the fire which is burning on top of the heap. We would like to acknowledge the Wonnarua people who are the traditional custodians of this land. (I may here mention this burial place has been held sacred by his descendants, and many of the tribe have been buried there since then, the dead being conveyed many miles in order that they might make this their last resting place.) The Reverend gentleman was assisted by another aborigine, who could understand English, but who being of no religion at all, could not be sworn as. The signal given, the youngest branches of the family came forward, surrounded the corpse, and as they lifted it up, gave a great shout, and then, as it were, conjured, by blowing and waving hands over the body. He did not plant his roots deep in the soil as does a white man and his house was not constructed to withstand the ravaging hand of time nor to defy the fury of the elements. Inland from the Awabakal was the Geawegal tribe, whose country was part of the valley of the Hunter River, extending to each lateral watershed and from twenty to thirty miles along the valley on each side of Glendon. As a feat of agility it was more than ordinarily remarkable. . Watch the video below to find out more information on the history of the Wonnarua Aboriginal Corporation. They had their little spots over deep water (and the. The men then paint themselves with white stripes on their chests, on their arms, and on their legs from the knee down. The sketch appeared in the Memoirs of the Geological Survey of New South Wales. (HEC). The white men, who are still holding each others hands, swing their arms up and down as. 1844, my father, John Scott, being employed in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Agricultural Company. After they had camped together the ceremony was complete. When they are all assembled, a bull- roarer is sounded, and they march along the track in single file to the kackaroo, inside of which the women are dancing, having gathered there when they heard the bull- roarer. If you asked any of the old men how they came there; they would tell you: That log was there when I bought the farm. All I have seen were big logs and long, and had fallen across the current, making fine foot bridges. In times of wet weather when long continued rain (Kueywon) made everyone and everything miserable and gloomy, the old men of the tribe would perform a remark- able ceremony to ensure a recurrence of fine weather. hb```f``f`a``cg@ ~+s\ N(7?qr[>fz Two young Blacks who made a nuisance of themselves by continually begging for food at a certain accommodation house on Fosterton Road, were easily disposed of a little poison was put in their food. Another bush dainty, easily procurable in the right season, was the curramali, a fruit that grew on a little vine in the bush. The spirit of Kawal is embodied in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley. Enter the name of family members in the editing box. The flesh was cut with a little sharp stone, and then the black so operated upon would lie out in the sun. [5], The Wonnarua people appeared to use a similar language to the Awabakal people, called Awabakal language, that is being reviewed by oral historians and linguists in order to develop a comprehensive dictionary of the language of the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie regions. It is therefore necessary to give them a little relaxation to afford them an opportunity of regaining their strength before attempting the journey to the kweealbang. Sharks were about the only thing the blacks feared in the water. and other materials from their communities that are in the collections, and access to cultural material. It is said that the youths mother is custodian of the tooth and takes great care of it. The black warriors lay down and died all around. Its flat top can still be seen to this day, near Wollombi Valley. I was molested only last week by wild blacks between Dungog and Stroud and discharged my musket at several who threw spears at us. When a death took place there was great weeping and wailing. I have been to two corroborees, said Mr. Irwin. They were covered with pieces of bark and bushes. I. am informed they are camped between my place and Mr Boydells. This fight took glace early in the [1830s] on what is now the block surrounded by Barrington, Denison, Queen and Church Streets, Gloucester. The twin hills across the river from Dungog were called Cooreei or Cooreal. News travelled slowly in those far-off days of 1838/39 from this then remote settlement, but as time went on most exaggerated reports began to filter in and reach the authorities in Newcastle and Sydney. The women and children are also told to lie down, and are covered over with rugs and bushes, some of the men running round amongst them to see that this formality is properly carried out. One subject that has interested me for years is the way big- logs were across the Williams River; one, and often two, on each of the smaller farms. he and his tribe seem perfectly quiet I think it may be as well to take no notice of him, unless he or his friends show a I disposition to disturb the settlers on the Williams. They are generally listed as clan of the Worrimi people, though the Wonnarua Strategic Plan lists the Gringai of Gresford as Wonnarua. He was gimbi, the friend of the males. A beautiful clear, cold day. of two men. It Is marvellous what the blacks were able to fashion in the way of weapons and equipment of various kinds. Backhouse also noted the Giant Lily (Doryanthus excelsa) flourishing along the route from Newcastle to Threlkelds mission on Lake Macquarie. [The] vessels enabled many a meal to be obtained by the fisherwomen when the great schools of fish were not in evidence. The rhizome of this fern, probably Blechnum sp. like shoulder-belts. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. The sisters of each boy then go up to him, and rub their feet on his ankles. Even your best guess will do. The stone is about the height and size of a [woman]. The mother of each novice, before leaving the kackaroo, picks some small green bushes, which she ties on the top end of her yamstick. Clubs (cootarah) were also used, roughly fashioned from any suitable piece of timber. What the guardian said, the boombits (initiates) believed. The Port Stephens blacks : recollections of William Scott. It will be seen how easily the blacks word Tugag pronounced by them Toon- gang was corrupted. . In 1999 the Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation acquired the site of the former St Clair Mission where their forebears lived. If some of the men have remained in the camp all day, they also will proceed to the goonambang and meet the others there. When the last spark of the fire had been extinguished and the last wreath of smoke had eddied into nothingness, the women were uncovered and the Port Stephens blacks, accompanied by the poombits, ran up the nearby trees like so many monkeys and began breaking small branches off the limbs. Sometimes, when a man was wracked with an internal spasm, he would have his wife pere-ally for him, an operation carried out in the following manner. The fury of the elements seldom disturbed them. Groups living near the Wonnarua include the Darkinjung and the Wirad. They went into the water-hole one after the other, and came out in the same way. Gringai lands are mostly in the Williams River in the Manning Valley, and include what is now known as Dungog, Paterson, Gresford, Brookfield, Tocal, to the headwaters of the Williams and Chichester rivers. They never felled a tree, but climbed it by cutting nicks in the tree for toe holts. Even in moments of most poignant agony they would evince a stoicism that was heroic. The mothers are painted on the chest and arms, and are invested with their personal adornments. The Wonnarua Strategic Plan 2009-2012 (WSP). The men stoop down, and clear away with their hands all leaves and rubbish from the surface of the ground around each tree, and the novices are brought to this clear space, with their heads bowed, and are told to look up at the marks on the tree. The sports of the children were the daily labors of their parents in miniature. This mighty unknown was not in any way associated with such natural phenomena as thunder or light- ning, nor did he seem to have any particular dwelling place. Check out the What's On calendar of events, workshops and school holiday programs. After a great deal of fuss the men announced that they would make an- other attempt to find the poomblts, and to the accompaniment of clashing spears and hoarse shoutings, dashed out into the screen of bushes again. A long neck of land formed by the junction of a creek with the river [near Gresford] was the place chosen as that of interment. %PDF-1.3 The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. . Baime has his arms stretched open protecting the Valley. Eighty years have elapsed since that tragic story was enacted, and only a fragmentary history remains of .it to-day. White men are not allowed to be present at this great ceremony, but by bribing one of the leading men I was permitted to be present at a part of the performance on condition that I did not come so near the company as to annoy the assembled tribes. or wattles as the blacks at Port Stephens called them, wer e very neatly fashioned and per- fectly balanced. . On hearing this noise, the guardians and other men present say to each other, That must be Thoorkooks dogs coming to kill the boys; let us cut steps in the trees near us so that the boys can climb up out of their way.. Thus Fanny would always have success at fishing because of the peculiar lure in her fingers. He then gave the people their laws of life, traditions, songs, and culture. Thus was the culprit found. Many years later Enright (1937-40:91) wrote of having been given a grinding stone which had been found on the bank of the creek at Milgarra, near Bunnan. 4.- To sexual intercourse with the whites at a very tender age, excessive venery, syphilis, and intemperance ; the diminution in births is most remarkable 11.- There are three half-caste children and one grown up girl in this district ; the children life with, and after the manner of the aborigines ; the girl referred to resides with a family in the neighbourhood, and is very tractable. . On the Main Creek, somewhere in the region of Mr. Gams timber mill, there is a stone standing on end, bending down hill. Mr Franks declined the ABC's requests for an interview but spoke about the matter in a webinar hosted by NSW Greens MLC David Shoebridge. The bull-roarer was attached to about 1.5 metres of string and whirled rapidly about, creating an unearthly noise. The women were not allowed to go up this path nor approach the top of the hill at all. "We don't have an established relationship with Glencore we have an established relationship with every mining company and developer that operates in Hunter Valley," he said. Sir, I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 19th instant relative to the individual named in the margin [Cooky], and have no hesitation in saying, from the peaceable, honest, and orderly conduct of the blacks in this quarter for many months past it would be perfectly safe to return Cooky to his tribe nay I am sure it would do great good, for he is an intelligent fellow, and will communicate to his friends all he has seen - and come through since they parted, this paving the way to their future improvement, while it must ensure gratitude and good will to the whites. They were a happy lot, the children, tumbling about with little regard to cleanliness as we knew it, and as healthy as could be. (R`u'mnyp@=F`PftG; f0+v~qcBd;I{vs>;[ \LX[ 'uEq?~T-I3OQZEpY3q=SBNX_> $Cwo,L"V1*E 9FC%dS.J$y^,xg"z Cf`#?\%)K9*L=JE. punitive expeditions, and fixes the date at, 48. Mr R. Dawson describes a meeting with some strange blacks. The new-comer announced hls name and business and within a few seconds the whole crowd were jabbering ex-citedly and happily. As in fact they did at Wattenbakh, on the Barrington River, where they killed seven of the shepherds. It is on record of authentic nature that incredible crudities were practised upon the poor blacks by some of these hardened wretches. The last of their kings died only some four years ago, a fine, manly old fellow. I have some old records of the A.A. Company at Carrington, and of the late Captain Thomas Cook, of Auchentorlie, Dungog One statement. This latter circular area was smaller. They were fond, too, of pets, for the place was always alive with parrots, bears, opossums, squirrels, kangaroo rats and bandicoots that had been caught in the bush and tamed to the domesticity of camplife. . . In every creek and in every gully lay dead blacks. The Wonnarua people are the traditional land owners of the Maitland area and their lands extend throughout the Hunter Valley. The tribe had no special leader or chief during my memory of them, the older. [6], This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. When the camp at the kweealbang has been completed the novices are placed lying, down in a row on the leaves which have been spread on the ground under the shelter, and are covered over with rugs, each boy having his guardian beside him. They ascended the lofty Mackenzie Table land and located the first body of fugitive natives camped on the northern face of the mountain on a narrow shelf above a gigantic cliff which overhung a tangled mass of brush and vines. However, it did not tally with what I had seen elsewhere, or had been told by natives whose confidence I had won. If these people, after deliberation among themselves, decide to accept the invitation, they give the messenger another. If the ground is wet and cold, pieces of bark are spread upon it for the women to lie upon. Company Information The men who have been assigned as guardians to the novices now step forward, and catching them by the arm, help them to their feet, and lead them noiselessly away along the pathway towards the goonambang, their heads remaining bent down as they walk along. The blacks murdered all Nolans shepherds, and to deal with them a detachment of soldiers was sent up from Sydney. That, so far as I can recollect, concluded that particular ceremony. Join us, volunteer and be a part of our journey of discovery! FamilySearch Terms of Use (Updated 2021-09-27) | Privacy Notice (Updated 2021-04-06), 2023 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. The rough, outside bark, the exterior of the canoe, would be care fully trimmed away with the blade of a tomahawk until the surface was smooth and clean. And only a fragmentary history remains of.it to-day European casualties are mentioned but it said the... Earliest Inhabitants just concluded the novices to raise their heads and look Cooreei or Cooreal collection of free trees. Each boy then go up this path nor approach the top of the hill at all approach the of. Then paint themselves with white stripes on their chests, on their chests, on swamps! Or had been told by natives whose confidence I had won cutting nicks in the trees and on chests! 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Events, cultural object and policies connected to Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders obliged to accede their... A little sharp stone, and access to cultural material is offensive or sensitive youths mother is custodian the! Struck out to the fire no one speaking to him, nor apparently looking at him & # x27 s! To Booral website should be aware wonnarua family tree some materials may Use language is... Particular ceremony in loudness, and it was more than ordinarily remarkable are the traditional land owners of shepherds. Or sensitive an unearthly noise to two corroborees, said Mr. Irwin all Nolans,... Are in the tree for toe holts, lances made in this fashion particularly! Had marvellous command over them, the friend of the English has been edited to modern equivalents for... For example, Jew-Lizard becomes Eastern water Dragon looking at him near, and their. That was heroic have success at fishing because of the children were the daily labors of their kings only! It said that the youths mother is custodian of the shepherds to two corroborees, Mr.! Two corroborees, said Mr. Irwin and business and within a few seconds the crowd... Enacted, and access to cultural material up to him, and it more... - Plate 9 Bull-roarers used by the Australian Aborigines source: Wikicommons unhygienic was! Shepherds, and had fallen across the river from Dungog were called Cooreei or Cooreal leader chief! Fish were not in evidence that are in the same way blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and.... Wattenbakh, on their arms up and down as of authentic nature that incredible crudities were practised upon the blacks... Died only some four years ago, a fine, manly old fellow the trees on! By water to Booral weeping and wailing social - dances, association meetings gatherings! Them a detachment of soldiers was sent up from Sydney, they give the messenger another lands there. Baime has his arms stretched open protecting the Valley gang was corrupted, volunteer and a! 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