Oh! The Election of 1800 The question iswhether to have Adams, God, and a religious President, or Jefferson, no God, . As the presidential election of 1800 approached, Americans were more divided than ever before. I did give you a fight Jefferson or Burr? Burr aided the Democratic-Republican ticket by publishing a confidential document that Hamilton had written criticizing his . [3][4], In Chiafalo v. Washington, a case before the Supreme Court of the United States, Justice Elena Kagan alluded to "The Election of 1800" in handing down her decision. In 1796, Adams had narrowly defeated Jefferson, 71-68; thanks to the system of split voting, Jefferson became Adams's vice president. Hamiltons stature within his party declined further after Jeffersons election, even as Federalism itself lost influence. Each party formed a plan by which one of their respective electors would vote for a third candidate or abstain so that its preferred presidential candidate (Adams for the Federalists and Jefferson for the Democratic-Republicans) would win one more vote than the party's other nominee. Hamilton was one of the writers of the The Federalist Papers, which supported a strong national government. For example, while the original lyrics when Hamilton was first approached about Jefferson and Burr were "Dear Mr. Hamilton, your fellow federalists would like to know how you'll be voting", with his response being "It's quiet uptown", the new lyrics were "Dear friends of Hamilton, it's 2020 and our need for you is only growing", continuing with "It's easy and fun". We know it's lose-lose [ENSEMBLE] Hamil-Burrns: A Twisted Tale It's Hamiltime. It's up to the delegates! However, Hamilton's plan backfired and hurt the Federalist party, particularly after one of his letters, a scathing criticism of Adams that was fifty-four pages long,[13] fell into the hands of a Democratic-Republican and soon after became public. Q. The 1800 United States presidential election was the fourth quadrennial presidential election. [66] This changed the Maryland and Vermont votes from no selection to Jefferson, giving him the votes of 10 states and the presidency. [citation needed]. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. [JEFFERSON/MADISON/ENSEMBLE] The chief political issues revolved around the fallout from the French Revolution and the Quasi-War. rising Democratic-Republican (or Republican) opposition, the duel that killed Hamilton in July 1804. [16], During the controversial 2020 United States presidential election, Jefferson's action to count Georgia's votes was cited as precedent by allies of President Donald Trump such as U.S. Representative Louie Gohmert, White House personnel director Johnny McEntee, and attorney John C. Eastman. A Perspective on Political Messes. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Don't let 'em know what youre against or what you're for This election one of the most contested in our nation's history came on the heels of 10 years of bitter partisan battles. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. [HAMILTON] [A MAN] I'm chasing what I want [MADISON] Federalists also stepped aside in Vermont and Maryland, allowing those state delegations to vote for Jefferson and sealing his victory, just two weeks before Inauguration Day. Burr! By 1800, Hamilton's political influence had waned and his endorsement was not likely to swing the election one way or the other. . This undeniably flawed system had led to Jefferson becoming Adamss VP in 1796, after losing the nations first contested presidential race by just three electoral votes. Not until the 1836 presidential election would all states have direct popular selection of electors (except South Carolina, which had its state legislature vote for electors until 1868). It's quiet uptown And they say Im a Francophile? During the election of 1800, Hamilton ends up endorsing Jefferson although they have completely different viewpoints, because he knows that like himself, Jefferson will be firm in his values and not be as indecisive as Burr would be. [MADISON] [16] Vice President Jefferson, who was counting the votes in his role as President of the Senate, immediately counted the votes from Georgia as votes for Jefferson and Burr, and no objections were raised. (LogOut/ In a fierce letter-writing campaign that would continue from mid-December through late January 1801, Hamilton worked hard to convince his fellow Federalists of this fact. According to historian John Ferling, the jockeying for electoral votes, regional divisions, and the propaganda smear campaigns created by both parties made the election recognizably modern.[4]. Choose [HAMILTON] Smithsonian Magazine has a great pieceexplainingthe deadlock-because of the system in place, Congress had to decide between Jefferson and his running mate Aaron Burr. [BURR] [], [] Interestingly, before the election of 1800, Ames sent Hamilton a series of letters urging him not to split the Federalist Party and put Jefferson in power (which is exactly what happened). Hamilton briefly speaks with Burr, who says that he would do anything to achieve the presidency. All Rights Reserved. Next [HAMILTON] Jefferson became the second consecutive incumbent vice president to be elected president. The election of 1800 between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson was an emotional and hard-fought campaign. I like that Aaron Burr! Oh! (You can read more about Hamiltons role in that election here). The duel culminated a simmering conflict between the two men rooted in the election of 1800. thus all of the Democratic-Republican electors cast their votes for both Jefferson and Burr, 73 in all for each of them. This was the last time that Vermont voted for the Federalists, and the last time a Federalist won electoral votes from Pennsylvania. Hamilton sways the delegates to elect Jefferson with a late, tie-breaking . 'Cuz I'm the President Hey, Burr, when you see Hamilton, thank him for the endorsement. Republican newspapers fanned the flames by suggesting possible military intervention, and groups of unofficial Republican and Federalist militia began to drill in preparation for a potential civil war. Thirteen years later, in the presidential election of 1800, Hamilton's convictions about the perils of a demagogue ascending to the presidency were put to the test. Burr! [7], For the election after which the song is named, see. Jefferson has my vote! Well, I'll be damned However, when political parties began to run both presidential and vice presidential candidates, it became apparent that the election would result in a tie between Jefferson and Burr, since they were from the same political party and would each receive one vote from every elector from a state the two had won. Mix - The Election of 1800 Lin-Manuel Miranda, Original Broadway Cast of Hamilton, Leslie Odom Jr., and more Cabinet Battle #1 usnavi 15M views 5 years ago Washington on Your Side Leslie Odom. [64] Neither came to pass however, chiefly due to Hamilton's energetic opposition to Burr. [62], Publicly, Burr remained quiet between mid-December 1800 and mid-February 1801, when the electoral votes were counted. Struggling with distance learning? . Mock Politics produced a humorous set of Jefferson v. Adams attack ads: In an interestingpost-script to the election, Hamilton eventuallypersuaded fellow Federalists to choose Jefferson over Aaron Burr. During Washington's presidency, Hamilton had been able to influence the federal response to the Whiskey Rebellion (which threatened the government's power to tax citizens). The delegations from Vermont and Maryland were split evenly, so they didnt vote. In 1800, the Constitution provided that each elector received two votes and that whichever candidate garnered a majority of votes would be president, while the second-place candidate would be vice president. The election was finally over. Below are someexcerpts from Hamiltons letters in December [], [] death. SURVEY . With these votes, the total number of votes for Jefferson and Burr was 73, which gave them a majority of the total, but they were tied. Burr mortally wounded . Burr! Jefferson or Burr? The 1800 election was a rematch between Adams and Jefferson, and to forestall the recurrence of the same situation from the 1796 election, the parties sought to ensure that all their electors were united. Burr! From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Change). The Democratic-Republicans also denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts, which the Federalists had passed to make it harder for immigrants to become citizens and to restrict statements critical of the federal government. 2nd President, Known for Alien and Sedition Act. The Democratic-Republicans had a similar plan to have one of their electors cast a vote for another candidate instead of Burr but failed to execute it,[why?] The story of the 1801 contingent election between Burr and Jefferson is told in Gore Vidal's 1973 novel Burr. [ENSEMBLE] In the end, the voting deadlocked in the Electoral College . (Burr ran as Jefferson's vice-president, but both men ended up with the same number of votes in the Electoral College, . 10 Alexander Hamilton to James Ross, 29 December 1800, . Map illustrates votes, by state, in the US Presidential election of 1800, broken down as votes for Aaron Burr, Thomas Jefferson, or 'Blank Ballot'. In fact, Hamilton's involvement in the election of 1800 would be one of Burr's many points of contention against the founding father, which would eventually lead to . When this letter was published more widely, it damaged Adams hopes of winning the election and fractured the Federalist Party. [JEFFERSON] Choose Washington's Farewell Address. That's new! Rhetoric of our Founding Fathers | Reflecting on History. Pinckney had fought in the American Revolutionary War and later served as the minister to France. By the time, the House began voting on February 11, 1801, Hamiltons concerns about Burr had failed to sway many members of his party. You need to change course, a key endorsement might redeem you The Democratic-Republicans felt that the Adams foreign policy was too favorable toward Britain; feared that the new army called up for the Quasi-War would oppress the people; opposed new taxes to pay for war; and attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as violations of states' rights and the Constitution. Shake hands with him Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Voting in 1800 took place over a period of months, and the campaign, which was largely fought in the nations partisan press, got really nasty. The primary conflict for the 1804 duel came in the form of Burr's gubernatorial race, where Hamilton worked to undermine him, motivated by mutterings of New England desiring to leave the union. Whaaaaaaaat?! Hamiltons Letters in the Election of 1800 It's Hamiltime! [BURR] Federalists spread rumors that the Democratic-Republicans were radicals who would ruin the country (based on the Democratic-Republican support for the French Revolution). Choose! The incumbent President John Adams faced off against Vice President Thomas Jefferson, the former secretary of state and author of the Declaration of Independence. ", United States presidential election, 1800, National Archives and Records Administration, "Tally of Electoral Votes for the 1800 Presidential Election, February 11, 1801", 180001 United States House of Representatives elections, Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College", "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", "Thomas Jefferson: The Revolution of 1800", "A Revolution of 1800 After All: The Political Culture of the Earlier Early Republic and the Origins of American Democracy", "Gilder Lehrman Document Number: GLC 581", "The Election of 1800 American History Thomas Jefferson, John Adams", "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789Present", "No, Thomas Jefferson Didn't Rig the 1800 Vote Count", "Memo from Trump attorney outlined how Pence could overturn election, says new book", "Kentucky 1800 Electoral College, District 1", "Kentucky 1800 Electoral College, District 2", "Kentucky 1800 Electoral College, District 3", "Kentucky 1800 Electoral College, District 4", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 1", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 2", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 3", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 4", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 5", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 6", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 7", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 8", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 9", "Maryland 1800 Electoral College, District 10", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Edenton District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Edgecombe District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Fayetteville District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Hilsborough District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Morgan District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, New Bern District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Northampton District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Raleigh District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Rockingham District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Salisbury District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Warren District", "North Carolina 1800 Electoral College, Wilmington District", "Aaron Burr and the Electoral Tie of 1801:Strict Constitutional Construction", "The Twelfth Amendment: A Constitutional Ticking Time Bomb", "The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", "Tennessee 1796 Presidential Election, Note. Results from the Edenton district appear to have been lost. I am happy to bring to you one of the best musicals in the past decade,. Thomas, that's the problem. President of the United States that took a disparaging . Congrats on a race well-run 30 seconds . On the election of 1800. Dear Mr. Hamilton: your fellow Federalists would like to know how you'll be voting WATCH: "The Founding Fathers" on HISTORY Vault. Bayard met with two of Jeffersons friends, John Nicholas of Virginia and Samuel Smith of Maryland. Ha. Historians wrote that Adams did not lose that badly in the original election, with the musical inflating the size of Jefferson's victory. Popular vote records for several states are incomplete, and the returns from Kentucky and Tennessee appear to have been lost; states did not print or issue electoral ballots, and most were issued by newspapers that supported a particular party or candidate. The Democratic-Republicans nominated a ticket consisting of Vice President Thomas Jefferson of Virginia and former Senator Aaron Burr of New York. When Adams became president, Hamiltons maintained only a tenuous grip on his position as secretary of treasurybefore resigningin 1795. [JEFFERSON] [HAMILTON] [JEFFERSON] Whether as store owners, merchants, ship owners Hamilton embarked on a frenzied letter-writing campaign to get Federalist Representatives to switch votes. Take the election of 1800, which featured a cast of characters willing to take on the mantle left by the death of George Washington, who was able to unify a young, rambunctious nation. When it becomes apparent that the race is tied, Hamilton is called upon to break the deadlock. If you had to choose Choose When Adams was running for a second term, Hamilton published a letter to his supporters Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq. While the Democratic-Republicans had won the election, to their dismay, it was not clear who would be president. Claim A. 3. In Rhode Island and Virginia, voters elected their state's entire Electoral College delegation at large; Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee all used some variation of single-member districts. [VOTERS] You're openly campaigning? Republican newspaper editor James Callender notoriously accused Adams of having a hideous hermaphroditical character, while a Federalist writer named Burleigh claimed that if Jefferson won, murder, robbery, rape, adultery, and incest, will openly be taught and practiced.. Meanwhile, despite their constant sparring, Jefferson and Hamilton are able to put aside their differences and work together to defeat the unprincipled Burr. Hamilton: The Election of 1800 Broadcast Zero 13.6K subscribers Subscribe 91K views 5 years ago Hello everyone! [ENSEMBLE] [HAMILTON] In "The Election of 1800", Jefferson and Burr's attempts to win the 1800 United States presidential election result in a tie that must be broken by Hamilton. Oh! Ya know why? [15][4], When the electoral ballots were opened and counted on February 11, 1801, it turned out that the certificate of election from Georgia was defective: while it was clear that the electors had cast their votes for Jefferson and Burr, the certificate did not take the constitutionally mandated form of a "List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each". Jefferson or Burr? According to a provision of the United States Constitution, a tie in a case of this type had to be resolved by the House of Representatives, with each state casting one vote. Unsure of whom to cast their vote to, the public calls upon Hamilton, seeking his vote as to better judge whom to place theirs. If you had to choose [MADISON & JEFFERSON] After 1800: Hamilton and the Twelfth Amendment | It's Hamiltime! Of the 155 counties and independent cities making returns, Jefferson and Burr won in 115 (74.19%), whereas the Adams ticket carried 40 (25.81%). See what all the fuss was about (c) Even though South Carolina had six representatives apportioned, Thomas Sumter was absent due to illness, and Abraham Nott departed for South Carolina between the first and final ballots. Burr! Contents This put a great deal of power in the hands of one man: Delaware Federalist James A. Bayard, who was the lone representative of his state in 1800. But when all is said and all is done Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, and Charles Pinckney. 1. He. We can change that! It is 1800, and the election for the new president of the United States has been narrowed down to two delegates: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Eastman wrote a series of memoranda outlining a theory according to which the vice president may unilaterally overturn the results of a presidential election.[17][18][19]. Although Hamilton could have adopted the party line and backed Adams, he took the opposite course, understanding that he would lose the support of half his party in future races. "[74] The song focuses on Alexander Hamilton's role in deciding the outcome of the 1801 contingent election. By 1800, Hamilton had come to realize that Adams was too independent and thought the Federalist vice presidential candidate, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina, more suited to serving Hamilton's interests. Hamiltonians worked as hard to throw the electionto the other Federalist candidate, Charles CotesworthPinckney, as Republicans did to elect their hero Jefferson. In real life, the sequence of events was more complicated, but the fallout from 1800 certainly played a significant role in the two mens lives. Ask him a question, it glances off, he obfuscates, he dances States and districts where the margin of victory was under 1%: States and districts where the margin of victory was under 5%: States and districts where the margin of victory was under 10%: In February 1801, the members of the House of Representatives balloted as states to determine whether Jefferson or Burr would become president. By 1800, the nation's first two political parties were beginning to take shape. Please?! Sloan, Herbert. " [MADISON] Likely, these similarities between the personalities of the two increased the conflict between them. Jefferson has beliefs; Burr has none Election of 1804. The complete returns for Kentucky appear to have been lost. While shifts in regimes had taken place at the local and state levels before, this was the first time it happened at the national level. [ENSEMBLE] Great article, especially love the video, thats hilarious! Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. But there was a problem: At least Republican one elector had been expected to withhold his vote from Burr to allow Jefferson to come out ahead. Sure! Broadway Cast Recording [6], The campaign was bitter and characterized by slander and personal attacks on both sides. The presidential election of 1800 provided Alexander Hamilton, former secretary of the treasury, with a dilemma: a tie between Thomas Jefferson, a man whose principles were in direct opposition to Hamilton's own, and Aaron Burr, a man Hamilton believed to have no principles at all. [TWO WOMEN] Who is it? The Constitution mandated that each states delegation in the House vote as a single bloc to decide the election. It was held from October 31 to December 3, 1800. In the case of an electoral tie, the race is decided by the United States House of Representatives, where a candidate needs to win a majority of the delegations, not representatives, to win the presidency. It is 1800, and the election for the new president of the United States has been narrowed down to two delegates: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. On December 23, 1800, Hamilton wrote to Harrison Gray Otis, a prominent Boston Federalist expressing his fears about Burr's character and boundless ambition: Burr loves nothing but himself; thinks of nothing but his own aggrandizement, and will be content with nothing, short of permanent power in his own hands. [A WOMAN] What Jefferson dubbed "the revolution of 1800" marked the first transition of power from one party to another. Every action has an equal, opposite reaction . The Election of 1800: Hamilton's Role - It's Hamiltime! In the election of 1800 a. Jefferson's vice-presidential running mate was George Clinton . [ENSEMBLE] Vox, "The real-life election of 1800 was even wilder than Hamilton the musical lets on," Nov. 28, 2015 Genius on YouTube, "Hamilton: Lin-Manuel Miranda On The Play's Historical Inaccuracies," Nov . In Georgia, Democratic-Republican legislators replaced the popular vote with selection by the state legislature. SenatorAaron Burrfrom New York, While the 1800 election was a re-match of the 1796 election, it ushered in a new type of American politics, a two-party republic and acrimonious campaigning behind the scenes and through the press. Act [] The Election of 1800: Hamiltons Role (itshamiltime.com) [], [] The Election of 1800: Hamiltons Role [], [] wrote earlier about Hamilton role in the Election of 1800, in which Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received an equal number of electoral votes and Hamilton [], [] The rivalry between Alexander Hamilton and John Adams during Hamiltons lifetime is well documented. Our partnership? Weisberger, Bernard A. Competing visions: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans George Washington, as the first president of the United States, was acutely aware that everything he did set a precedent. 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In July 1804 chief political issues revolved around the fallout from the Edenton district appear to have lost! 'S role in deciding the outcome of the 1801 contingent election between Burr Jefferson... Lose that badly in the past decade, [ 64 ] Neither came to pass however chiefly... Constitution mandated that each States delegation in the past decade, is said and all is Alexander! ] Hamil-Burrns: a Twisted Tale it 's Hamiltime by 1800, the campaign was bitter and characterized slander. Election and fractured the Federalist Papers, which supported a strong national government the musical inflating the size of 's... Candidate, Charles CotesworthPinckney, as Republicans did to elect their hero Jefferson from the French Revolution and Quasi-War! Revolution and the Quasi-War consisting of Vice President Thomas Jefferson was an emotional and hard-fought campaign votes from Pennsylvania,!