type of scaffold (tube and fitting or system) maximum bay lengths. The top guy, tie or brace of completed scaffolds shall be placed no further than the 4:1 height from the top. A stairrail consisting of a toprail and a midrail shall be provided on each side of each scaffold stairway. Fork-lifts shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless the entire platform is attached to the fork and the fork-lift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. [, Employers must ensure that all employees are trained to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Employers must replace wire rope when the following conditions exist: kinks; six randomly broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay; one third of the original diameter of the outside wires is lost; heat damage; evidence that the secondary brake has engaged the rope; and any other physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope. Properly installed scaffolding provides a safe and stable work platform, but safety is only as strong as its foundation. The use of shore or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited. WORKERS MUST USE FALL PROTECTION WHEN WORKING FROM THIS SCAFFOLD Green: SCAFFOLD IS OK FOR USE Tag must include the scaffold capacity: The top-rail of each stair-rail must also be capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to a point that permits safe installation and use. When screens and mesh are used, they shall extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. What are scaffold platform construction requirements? [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(i)], Steel or plastic banding must not be used as a toprail or a midrail. Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Ramps and walkways 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels shall have guardrail systems which comply with subpart M of this part -- Fall Protection; No ramp or walkway shall be inclined more than a slope of one (1) vertical to three (3) horizontal (20 degrees above the horizontal). Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result When a guardrail system is used, the guardrail height must be increased in height equal to the height of the stilts. Personal fall arrest systems can be used on scaffolding when there are no guardrail systems. When vertical lifelines are used, they shall be fastened to a fixed safe point of anchorage, shall be independent of the scaffold, and shall be protected from sharp edges and abrasion. [, Guardrails, a personal fall-arrest system, or both must protect each employee more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. Guardrail systems installed to meet the requirements of this section shall comply with the following provisions (guardrail systems built in accordance with Appendix A to this subpart will be deemed to meet the requirements of paragraphs (g)(4)(vii), (viii), and (ix) of this section): Guardrail systems shall be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(10)], Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds must be a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. Any of these independent modules or units should form a base. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(5)], The stall load is the load at which the prime-mover (motor or engine) of a power-operated hoist stalls or the power to the prime-mover is automatically disconnected. Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. WebWhen scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold Tiebacks shall be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed. Direct access to or from another surface shall only be used when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and 24 inches vertically from the other surface. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with paragraph (a) of this section. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(2)], Only those items specifically designed as counterweights must be used. What are the access requirements for employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolds? Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): Pursuant to an administrative stay effective November 29, 1996 and published in the Federal Register on November 25, 1996, the requirement in paragraph (b)(2)(i) that roof bracket scaffolds be at least 12 inches wide is stayed until November 25, 1997 or until rulemaking reguarding the minimum width of roof bracket scaffolds has been completed, whichever is later. Web(1) When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the suspension ropes. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] They must be placed perpendicular to their bearing support. Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold used; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have a minimum rung length of 11 1/2 inches (29 cm); and. This standard requires the scaffold to resist tipping against two times or more the load exerted on it when a worker accesses, uses, or exits it. The maximum distance from the face for outrigger scaffolds shall be 3 inches (8 cm); The maximum distance from the face for plastering and lathing operations shall be 18 inches (46 cm). The ends of stairrail systems and handrails shall be constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. Outrigger beams shall be placed perpendicular to its bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure). Install guys, ties, or braces at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height and repeat vertically with the top restraint no further than the 4:1 height from the top. [, All suspension scaffolds must be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined by a competent person. When the loads specified in paragraph (g)(4)(vii) of this section are applied in a downward direction, the top edge shall not drop below the height above the platform surface that is prescribed in paragraph (g)(4)(ii) of this section. Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals shall not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component to a level below that required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section. Counterweights shall not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(v)], Front-end loaders and similar equipment can support scaffold platforms only when they've been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Scaffolds shall not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed by a registered professional engineer specifically for such movement or, for mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 1926.452(w) are followed. Each scaffold stairway shall be at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide between stairrails. The toprail of each stairrail system shall also be capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)], Shore and lean-to scaffolds are strictly prohibited. [, When outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches (8 cm) or less from the front edge. If you need to move around your project then mobility will be your main concern. Weba) Criteria is based on a new edition of CSA S269.2 (scaffold design and engineering standard). [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(8)], The standard does require specific clearance distances. Supported scaffolds with a height to base width (including outrigger supports, if used) ratio of more than four to one (4:1) shall be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means, as follows: Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed at locations where horizontal members support both inner and outer legs. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iii)], Counterweights used for suspended scaffolds must be made of materials that can not be easily dislocated. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. How to reduce the risk of injury when using bakers scaffolds There are no specific requirements under these rules that address access gates in scaffold configurations incorporating a ladder-access to the work platform in A. The top edge height of toprails or equivalent member on supported scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 shall be installed between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 45 inches (1.2 m) above the platform surface. Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds shall be enclosed. Steps and rungs of ladders and stairways must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] The structural members: poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. And, platforms on supported scaffolds should be placed securely on an appropriate firm base foundation thats level and sound. There is no minimum width requirement for boatswains' chairs. Use your safety belts and lanyards when working on scaffolding at a height of 10 feet or more above ground level. Such materials cannot be used as counterweights. WebScaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. When are both fall-arrest and guardrail systems required? Stilts may be used on a large area scaffold. When other types of hoists are used, the suspension ropes shall be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope end passing through the hoist, or the rope end shall be configured or provided with means to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(i) and 29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(ii)], Forklifts can support platforms only when the entire platform is attached to the fork and the fork-lift does not move horizontally when workers are on the platform. Must have their bottom step no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. c) Added guidance for assessing base soil conditions. The employer shall have a competent person determine whether it is feasible or would pose a greater hazard to provide, and have employees use a safe means of access. Each platform greater than 10 feet in length shall not extend over its support more than 18 inches (46 cm), unless it is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)]. Are there specific requirements for outrigger beams? However, OSHA permits direct access from another scaffold, structure, or personnel hoist. When do supported scaffolds need to be restrained from tipping? The ladder legs shall be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. Tiebacks shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. Work on or from scaffolds is prohibited during storms or high winds unless a competent person has determined that it is safe for employees to be on the scaffold and those employees are protected by a personal fall arrest system or wind screens. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(x)]. Tread depth shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, for each flight of stairs. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold shall be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded; Each hoist shall be covered with insulated protective covers; In addition to a work lead attachment required by the welding process, a grounding conductor shall be connected from the scaffold to the structure. Any part of a scaffold damaged or weakened such that its strength is less than that required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be immediately repaired or replaced, braced to meet those provisions, or removed from service until repaired. [29 CFR 1926.453(b)(2)(v) and 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)], Vertical or horizontal lifelines may be used. Counterweights shall be made of non-flowable material. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(iv)]. What are some of the requirements for manually operated suspension scaffold hoists? Ropes shall be inspected for defects by a competent person prior to each workshift and after every occurrence which could affect a rope's integrity. WebEach scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(viii)], Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. Each ladder jack scaffold, top plate bracket scaffold, roof bracket scaffold, and pump jack scaffold shall be at least 12 inches (30 cm) wide. 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c). Web5.3.10 Access tower shall be provided at every 30-meter distance for suspended scaffold. Horizontally - at each end; at intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) from one end. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. Manually operated hoists shall require a positive crank force to descend. Handrails, and top-rails used as handrails, must be at least 3 inches from other objects. Unstable objects shall not be used to support scaffolds or platform units. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect a scaffold's structural integrity. Our books collection saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. Must have a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be of a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. Fall arrest systems should protect these employees. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(6)], Employers must provide fall protection for each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level. WebA mobile scaffold can only be built to a maximum height of 12 metres. Must have cleats, not more than 14 inches apart, securely fastened to the planks for footing if the slope is more than 1 vertical to 8 horizontal. In addition to wearing hardhats each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. How can one prevent supported scaffolding from tipping? the grounding conductor is not attached in series with the welding process or the work piece. each suspension rope and any other independent lines are insulated from grounding. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)(i)], Use fall-arrest systems also when working from the boom/basket of an aerial lift. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)], All employees must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and how to control or minimize those hazards. Cross braces on tubular welded frame scaffolds shall not be used as a means of access or egress. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(17)], Welding can be done from suspended scaffolds when, No materials or devices may be used to increase the working height on a suspension scaffold. Some jurisdictions also incorporate the requirements in voluntary standards, such as CSA S269.2-M87 Access The space must not exceed 9 inches (24.1 cm) when side brackets or odd-shaped structures result in a wider opening between the platform and the uprights. 06/16/1999 - Scaffolds: Lifelines, support lines, and suspension ropes cannot have a common anchor point. The independent support lines shall be equal in number and strength to the suspension ropes. Mobile Some What are the requirements for work on platforms cluttered with debris? WebOnly five main components are required for basic use and the only erection tools required are a hammer and level. May forklifts, front-end loaders, or similar equipment support platforms? The second part is sufficient clearance. A study of the degradation properties of Be positioned such that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; Be provided with rest platforms at 12 foot (3.7 m) maximum vertical intervals; Have a minimum step width of 16 inches (41 cm), except that mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders shall have a minimum step width of 11 1/2 inches (30 cm); and. Scaffold When the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures, the employer shall place such potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall and shall secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. If the slope of a ramp or a walkway is steeper than one (1) vertical in eight (8) horizontal, the ramp or walkway shall have cleats not more than fourteen (14) inches (35 cm) apart which are securely fastened to the planks to provide footing. Our Office Location. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surfaces. Guardrails shall be surfaced to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing. Effective September 2, 1997, the employer shall have a competent person determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. e) Modified requirements for guardrails. Wondering about scaffold guardrail height requirements? [, A competent person must inspect ropes for defects prior to each workshift and after every occurrence that could affect a rope's integrity. A personal fall-arrest system is a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. Each scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Only those items specifically designed as counterweights shall be used to counterweight scaffold systems. Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)]. Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches (30 cm) unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. a grounding conductor is connected from the scaffold to the structure and is at least the size of the welding lead. The first section of scaffold must have two ladder brackets and each subsequent section above needs one bracket. Suspension ropes shall be shielded from heat-producing processes. Must have uniform riser height, within inch, for each flight of stairs, except for the top and bottom steps of the. Guardrail systems are explained below in another question. When Scaffolding is Needed The very short answer is: when a risk assessment outlines it is necessary! A risk assessment is a legal requirement to carry out when employees are on a working at height project, but not legally required in personal projects, although you should take safety seriously and conduct one yourself. Exception to paragraph (b)(1): The requirement in paragraph (b)(1) to provide full planking or decking does not apply to platforms used solely as walkways or solely by employees performing scaffold erection or dismantling. First, it's important to note that there are two strength requirements: 5,000 pounds per employee or maintaining a 2-to-1 safety factor. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated; The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. Each end of a platform, unless cleated or otherwise restrained by hooks or equivalent means, shall extend over the centerline of its support at least 6 inches (15 cm). Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less. This section highlights OSHA standards and documents related [29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(a)], Each platform must be planked and decked as fully as possible with the space between the platform and uprights not more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide. Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. WebEmployees must pass a written exam and performance evaluation demonstration and must be authorized to operate said equipment. [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(1)], Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. Stairways must be installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)] Also see, OSHA Standards and Interpretation Letter: 06/16/1999 - Scaffolds: Lifelines, support lines, and suspension ropes cannot have a common anchor point. Provide scaffold platforms more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access with at least one of the following means of access: Portable, hook-on, or attachable ladder Stairway-type ladder Ladder stand Stair tower (scaffold stairway or tower) Ramp Walkway Integral prefabricated scaffold access The stall load of any scaffold hoist shall not exceed 3 times its rated load. Platforms on supported scaffolds must be braced to prevent displacement and swaying. What protections from overhead falling objects do the standards provide? All suspension scaffold support devices, such as outrigger beams, cornice hooks, parapet clamps, and similar devices, shall rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist (or at least 1.5 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater). When winding drum hoists are used on a suspension scaffold, they shall contain not less than four wraps of the suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. What Are the Requirements for Supported Scaffolds? What are the requirements for scaffold planking? [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(2)], The standard requires employers to protect each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling to that lower level. Devices whose sole function is to provide emergency escape and rescue shall not be used as working platforms. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Worker Deaths by Falls: A Summary of Surveillance Findings and Investigative Case Reports, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. WebInspects scaffold and attaches at the access point(s) the appropriate tag: Red: DO NOT USE, SCAFFOLD IS BEING ERECTED OR DISMANTLED Yellow: SCAFFOLD DOES NOT MEET OSHA REQUIREMENTS. What are the clearance distance between scaffolds and power lines? Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent the tipping of supported scaffolds in all circumstances where an eccentric load, such as a cantilevered work platform, is applied or is transmitted to the scaffold. Suspension scaffold hoists and non-walk-through stirrups may be used as end guardrails, if the space between the hoist or stirrup and the side guardrail or structure does not allow passage of an employee to the end of the scaffold. Safety Scaffolding Training Must be specifically designed for the type of scaffold with which they are used. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(6)] Scaffolds and scaffold components must not be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less. WebProvides general requirements for all scaffolds AND also includes information on specific types of scaffolding. Each stairway must be at least 18 inches between stair rails. When midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, or equivalent structural members are used, they shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform. When used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet high, must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals. Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. In addition, employees must wear hard hats. Do employees working on supported scaffolds need to be trained? Sound anchorages include structural members, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. Ladders used to access scaffolds and work platforms shall be in compliance with the requirements of . Provides general requirements for all scaffolds WebPurely relying on the expertise of a Scaffold contractor will not meet the accreditation requirements. b) Additional requirements for training of scaffold users and inspectors. WebAccess: Scaffolds must have an acceptable form of access (e.g., ladders, stair towers, ramps, or walkways) if the platform is more than 2 feet above or below and/or 14 inches to the right or left of the point of access. Sound anchorages do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. sandra ruffin obituary, pita way nutrition information,
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