. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Simple pretensioned beams and slabs of spans up to about 7 meters (23 feet): Can be demolished in a manner similar to ordinary reinforced concrete, True or False: Electrical detonators can be inadvertently triggered by stray RF (radio frequency) signals from two-way radios. Which of these is required if the workers body, hands or clothing may come into contact with moving parts? Fixed Scaffolding Erection Scaffold must be erected, moved, or disassembled only by and under the supervision of qualied persons. Nothing should lean in any direction. Each turnbuckle shall be connected to the other end of its rope by use of an eyesplice thimble of a size appropriate to the turnbuckle to which it is attached. 1926.452 (c) (4) The two steps for avoiding hazards that are always taken before the need for PPE is considered are: The three main scaffold types are aerial lifts, supported scaffolds and: Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: Be placed on a firm foundation and be uniformly level within 1 percent of level grade. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. There are many other scaffolds in use as well, each with advantages and 25. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. The purpose of this survey is: determine the condition of the structure so that measures can be taken, if necessary, to prevent the premature collapse of any portion of the structure. C. Both A and B The type of fall protection required will depend upon: The four main causes of crane accidents are contact with power lines, overturns, falls and mechanical failure. Light metal-type platforms having a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less and platforms 40 feet (12.2 m) or less in length shall be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Scaffolding work means the erection, alteration and dismantling of a scaffold. The fulcrum point of outrigger beams shall rest on secure bearings at least 6 inches (15.2 cm) in each horizontal dimension. Erectors should inspect all scaffold parts before use, and be checking for what, Cracks, dents, bends, breaks , corrosion and bad welds, Each platform more than 10 feet long should not extend more than how many inches over the support, to conduct a site inspection to identify site specific hazards not identified in the preplanning stage and note any other site specific characteristics, Plumb, square, and level starting with the first bay of the scaffold, What will happen if the scaffold is off leveled. Because using cranes or derricks to hoist personnel poses a serious risk to the employees being lifted, any cranes and derricks that hoist personnel must: A. Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0 m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. The support connection shall be arranged so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or becoming displaced. fold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay because every degree that the scaffold is off level at the lower level is magnified as it is raised in height. A. SCAFFOLD BASE MUST BE SET ON AN ADEQUATE SILL OR PAD to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed thereto where required. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: Knowledge of the basic anatomy of the spine, muscles, and joints of the trunk. a. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: Any man-made cavity, depression, trench or cut in the earths surface formed by earth removal. If the hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car must be totally enclosed on all sides for the full height between the floor and: The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from: Power tools should never be carried by the cord or hose or be yanked from a receptacle by the cord or hose; and cords and hoses should be kept away from: Sharp, abrasive, pinching, or otherwise hazardous moving parts of power tools: Must have protective guard to prevent contact with workers. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. Platforms supported by wire ropes shall have hook-shaped stops on each end of the platforms to prevent them from slipping off the wire ropes. Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. Platforms shall not be more than 36 inches (0.9 m) wide unless designed by a qualified person to prevent unstable conditions. The platform shall be supported by a minimum of two bearers, each of which shall project a minimum of 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the platform on both sides. Frequently used types of scaffolds include the All brace connections shall be secured. Scaffolds shall be suspended only from the roof structure or other structural member such as ceiling beams. proper measures to protect against or prevent accidents and injuries. Wood splice plates shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides, and shall extend at least 2 feet (0.6 m) on either side of the splice, overlap the abutted ends equally, and have at least the same cross-sectional areas as the pole. The mission of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is: A. A scaffold should always be erected: Choose one answer. (b) Tube and Coupler Scaffolds. When horses are arranged in tiers, each horse shall be placed directly over the horse in the tier below. OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training [29 CFR 1910.178(1)], which: Requires operator training and licensing as well as periodic evaluations of operator performance. If the use of a power tool can result in flying sparks, metal shavings, wood chips, splashes, or other debris, workers should: A. Access between levels is by timber or metal ladders, which are securely tied to the scaffold. [3] Lift the planks through the scaffold bars and into place. disadvantages. These rules were combined under the umbrella of OSHA. Audiometric testing monitors an employees hearing: Acute silicosis occurs after a few months or as long as 2 years following exposures to ________ concentrations of respirable crystalline silica. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. Scaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. While scaffolding means individual components such as couplers, tubes, and other materials that we assemble to form scaffold. D. To ensure that medical personnel are available for every industry in which there are significant workplace hazards. When wood poles are constructed of two continuous lengths, they shall be joined together with the seam parallel to the bracket. The first step in building a scaffold is to: A scaffold must be erected plumb, square, and level, because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Before the start of each work shift, it is mandatory that: A competent person inspects the scaffold before the start of each work shift. 6. You can read the details below. Scaffolds are fabricated from many materialssome common, and others not so This poses a risk of electrocution not just to the worker holding the tool, but to everyone who contacts the scaffold. And workers must be trained by a qualified person before they use the scaffold. Brackets (including those provided with pointed metal projections) shall be anchored in place by nails unless it is impractical to use nails. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. When platforms are being moved to the next level, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new bearers have been set in place and braced prior to receiving the new platforms. a. Frames and panels shall be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins or equivalent means. The following examp le is based on building a scaffold that is 2.1 x 1.5 m (7 x 5 ft.) x 1 frame high. SCAFFOLDS MUST BE ERECTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH DESIGN AND/OR MANUFACTURERS' RECOMMENDATIONS. On scaffolds whose length is less than their height, such bracing shall be installed from the base of the end posts upward to the opposite end posts, and then in alternating directions until reaching the top of the scaffold. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Do not force frames or . Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. A training program to teach proper lifting techniques should cover: A. Many precautions must be taken before scaffolding work can commence. Safe access above 2 feet. Let us know about it through the REPORT button at the bottom of the page. C. Workplace and engineering controls Independent support lines and suspension ropes shall not be attached to the same points of anchorage. that construction workers use for working safely at elevations. B. Bamboo scaffolds Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with design and loading requirements for pole scaffolds under 60 feet in height. Ladder Jack Scaffold. Stilts shall be properly maintained. Surfaces on which stilts are used shall be flat and free of pits, holes and obstructions, such as debris, as well as other tripping and falling hazards. Window jacks shall not be used to support planks placed between one window jack and another, or for other elements of scaffolding. aluminum, or less commonly, wood. Scaffold platforms must be fully decked or planked. Employees working in the vicinity of a crane must take care to avoid what kind of accident? The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely anchored either by means of braced struts bearing against sills in contact with the overhead beams or ceiling, or by means of tension members secured to the floor joists underfoot, or by both. Then a few days before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the following items. When the pump jack has to pass bracing already installed, an additional brace shall be installed approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above the brace to be passed, and shall be left in place until the pump jack has been moved and the original brace reinstalled. Click here to review the details. Found a mistake? each of the hazards. Scaffolds shall not exceed three tiers in height, and shall be so constructed and arranged that one square rests directly above the other. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . Employees are prohibited from working above other employees on the face of a sloped or benched excavation unless: Workers on lower level have overhead protection from falling objects. Knowing According to OSHA standard 1926.451 (g) (1), anyone working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Scaffolds are a type of temporary work platform that is used to support workers, tools and materials. Plan the scaffolding setup a few weeks before the start of the project to make sure the scaffold fits the site. Mechanical demolition refers to demolition using equipment like: A. Wrecking balls or jackhammers All joints must be Position the first level of bracing as close to the base as possible. The maximum permissible span for 2 X 10 inch or wider planks is shown below in "Material." . potential hazards that employers and workers need to be aware of so they can take the In addition to this human savings, working safely on scaffolds also Select the equipment you need and place it near the work area. 7. All jacks lever and ratchet jacks, screw jacks, and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from: A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground in which the depth is greater than the width with the width not to exceed 15 feet. Each bearer shall be securely fastened to the platform. Personal Fall Arrest System. Couplers shall be of a structural metal, such as drop-forged steel, malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. OSHA 1926.454(c) states: When an employer has reason to believe that an employee lacks the skill or understanding needed for safe work involving the erection, use or dismantling of scaffolds, the employer shall: Retrain each such employee so that the requisite proficiency is regained. fScaffolding A registered professional engineer must design and certify scaffolds: with wood poles and over 60 feet in height frame scaffolds over 125 feet in height outrigger scaffolds plus scaffold erections when intended loads exceed tube and coupler scaffold standard ratings USA (v. 2008) fTypes of Scaffolds USA (v. 2008) fSupported Scaffolds Yet, because of the nature of where and how it is used, scaffolding can present many potential hazards. Scaffolds shall be equipped with additional independent support lines, equal in number to the number of points supported, and of equivalent strength to the suspension ropes, and rigged to support the scaffold in the event the suspension rope(s) fail. The blocks for fiber or synthetic ropes shall consist of at least one double and one single block. In addition to the applicable requirements of 1926.451, the following requirements apply to the specific types of scaffolds indicated. The critical first step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards at a work site. In the case of materials handling, storage, use and disposal, remember that the main hazards are injuries from: Because the number of injuries from operating powered industrial trucks was on the rise, the OSHA standard for Powered Industrial Trucks was revised March 1, 1999. . If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. A. Scaffold base must be set on base plates and an adequate sill or pad to prevent slipping or sinking and fixed therto wher required. Where uplift can occur which would displace scaffold end frames or panels, the frames or panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or equivalent means. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Engineering and Administrative Controls. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. for construction, the agency estimated that by protecting these millions of workers from Your lines should be perfectly vertical (plumb) and horizontal (level), and your corners should be exactly 90 degrees (square). Workers need to take which of the following common-sense steps to protect themselves from falls through skylights and roof and floor openings? D. Alertness and reaction time testing. Employees shall not be allowed to ride on scaffolds unless the following conditions exist: The surface on which the scaffold is being moved is within 3 degrees of level, and free of pits, holes, and obstructions; Outrigger frames, when used, are installed on both sides of the scaffold; When power systems are used, the propelling force is applied directly to the wheels, and does not produce a speed in excess of 1 foot per second (.3 mps); and. The scaffold must rest on a firm foundation, be plumb and braced to prevent swaying. Note: Except where . Step 1 Select and prepare the ground area. C. Have all brakes and locking devices set when the occupied personnel platform is in stationary position Do Not Try To Drive More Than______Hours In Any One Day. Scaffold brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the roof and shall provide a level support for the platform. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. Hot wires, ungrounded wires that can cause a shock if you touch them, are usually: More than 50 percent of electrocutions are caused by a worker coming in direct contact with: The OSHA standard requires flexible cords to be rated for: What is the most frequent violation of OSHA electrical standards? Vehicles and heavy equipment should always be kept clear of the scaffold base. 5% b. Faults: Damaged. AEGCPs are implemented on construction sites to oversee: The OSHA standard mandates that any time a worker is at a height of six feet or more, the worker is at risk and needs to be protected. Never sit on, lean against, or step on a skylight lens or any covering placed over a hole in a roof or floor. improper grounding of circuitry and equipment. 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Before the scaff o l d materials are delivered, make a final jobsite check for the platform which the. Bearings at least 6 times the intended load by wire ropes supported by ropes...
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