My God!"[70][71][73]. William Jennings Bryan, gifted orator and three-time presidential candidate was born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois. Many Americans, however, believed that bimetallism (making both gold and silver legal tender) was necessary for the nation's economic health. 19. Which? It demonstrated the need for better communications in wartime. The bill, as modified by amendments sponsored by Iowa Senator William B. Allison, did not reverse the 1873 provisions, but required the Treasury to purchase a minimum of $2 million of silver bullion per month; the profit, or seignorage from monetizing the silver was to be used to purchase more silver bullion. Ah, my friends. Our ancestors, when but 3 million, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation upon earth. Russell's address was inaudible to most of the Coliseum; he was ill and died just over a week later. 28 Monday Mar 2016. my friends, we say not one word against those who live upon the Atlantic Coast; but those hardy pioneers who braved all the dangers of the wilderness, who have made the desert to blossom as the rosethose pioneers away out there, rearing their children near to natures heart, where they can mingle their voices with the voices of the birdsout there where they have erected schoolhouses for the education of their children and churches where they praise their Creator, and the cemeteries where sleep the ashes of their deadare as deserving of the consideration of this party as any people in this country. President Cleveland sent federal troops to Illinois to end the Pullman strikeworkers at the Pullman Palace Car Company, which made railroad cars, had struck after wages were cut. This handout is a great resource for helping students analyze this key political cartoon from the Populist Movement and the Election of 1896 featuring William Jennings Bryan and the "Cross of Gold" speech. [3], In the early 19th century, the economic disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars caused United States gold coins to be worth more as bullion than as money, and they vanished from circulation. BRYAN: CROSS OF GOLD. "[69] The gold men, during the address, paid close attention and showed their appreciation for Bryan's oratory. "[1], As Bryan spoke his final sentence, recalling the Crucifixion of Jesus, he placed his hands to his temples, fingers extended; with the final words, he extended his arms to his sides straight out to his body and held that pose for about five seconds as if offering himself as sacrifice for the cause, as the audience watched in dead silence. In 1896 William Jennings Bryan gave possibly his most famous speech, " The Cross of Gold" Speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois. The platform would symbolize the repudiation of Cleveland and his policies after the insurgents' long struggle, and Bryan was determined to close the debate on the platform. This speech, delivered at the Democratic National Convention, helped win the Bryan, former Representative to Congress for Nebraska, the presidential nomination of the Democratic party. These statements may involve a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity and performance to be materially different from the expectations and projections of Globex. The Republican Party platform for the election, formulated at its convention in St. Louis in June, declared, We are unalterably opposed to every measure calculated to debase our currency. When the Democrats gathered a few weeks later, their platform called for the free and unlimited coinage of both silver and gold. In an eloquent plea for the coinage of silver and an attack on the thesis that gold was the only sound backing for currency, Bryan closed with the peroration, you shall not press down on the brow of labor this crown of thorns. They can find where the holders of fixed investments have. McKinley won more easily than in 1896, making inroads in the silver West. But in the early 20th century, the fame of Bryans Cross of Gold speech led him to repeat it numerous times on the Chautauqua lecture circuit where he was an enormously popular speaker. free coinage of silver at silver-gold ratio of 16 to 1 issue in Bryan's Cross of Gold speech [75] The lengthy passage as he discussed the platform and the Republicans helped calm the audience, ensuring he would be heard as he reached his peroration. Content can enter the public domain when copyright has expired, has been forfeited or is not applicable. The legislation also established the Mint of the United States. [45] The DNC's action could be reversed, but not until the convention's credentials committee reported. [72] When Bryan resumed, his comparison of miner with miser again electrified the audience; the uproar prevented him from continuing for several minutes. [44] Bryan had been waiting outside the committee room when his rivals were seated by a 2723 vote; contemporary accounts state he was "somewhat surprised" at the result. With the powerful words he used, Bryan showed his support to the Populists. [19] Among those defeated for Senate was Bryan in Nebraska. We believe it. It revealed that the U.S. had become a world power. My friends, we have made no criticism. In 1921 (25 years after the original speech), he recorded portions of the speech for Gennett Records in Richmond, Indiana. [103][104], Writer Edgar Lee Masters called the speech, "the beginning of a changed America. W.J. He stood second out of fourteen candidates in the first ballot, behind Bland. Three months ago, when it was confidently asserted that those who believed in the gold standard would frame our platforms and nominate our candidates, even the advocates of the gold standard did not think that we could elect a President; but they had good reasons for the suspicion, because there is scarcely a state here today asking for the gold standard that is not within the absolute control of the Republican Party. Let me call attention to two or three great things. [46] However, Barnes deemed the actions by the committee immaterial to the outcome due to the silver strength in the convention: Anyone who doubts the power the silverites were ready to unleash in a disciplined and irresistible attack needs only to read the results of the election of temporary chairman. In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. Despite vocal opposition led by Tennessee Representative (and future president) Andrew Johnson, the precious metal content of smaller silver coins was reduced in 1853. The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. But we stand here representing people who are the equals before the law of the largest cities in the state of Massachusetts. The late 19th century saw divergent views in economics as the laissez-faire orthodoxy was questioned by younger economists, and both sides found ample support for their views from theorists. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. ; D. The Democratic Party understood the economy from the point of view of workers and farmers. The majority of cartoons are from the 1908 campaigan, but there cartoons that feature 1920 election and Bryan's borther Charles Bryan. People who were free-silver thought that currency reform would end them. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: fishpicnictrogir.com, +385958056096 Three island tour from Trogir & Split, Fish picnic Trogir - One day trip from Trogir or Split, Blue Lagoon, olta, Private tours 1896 speech by U.S. politician William Jennings Bryan in support of a bimetallic standard, William Jennings Bryan being carried on the shoulders of delegates after giving the speech, Also attributed to an 1892 speech by President, For additional detail on the political career of William Jennings Bryan before and during the 1896 campaign, see, For a fuller explanation of the procedures of American political conventions, see, Possible recording of the original speech, Audio excerpt of the speech later recorded by William Jennings Bryan, William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896, United States presidential nominating convention, William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896 General election campaign, Official Proceedings of the 1896 Democratic National Convention. He also proposed the establishment of a mint, at which citizens could present gold or silver, and receive it back, struck into money. After speeches on the subject by several U.S. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard. Mr. Carlisle said in 1878 that this was a struggle between the idle holders of idle capital and the struggling masses who produce the wealth and pay the taxes of the country; and my friends, it is simply a question that we shall decide upon which side shall the Democratic Party fight. This teaching guide helps instructors use a specific primary source set, Patronage and Populism: The Politics of the Gilded Age, in the classroom. The income tax is a just law. Why, if they tell us that the gold standard is a good thing, we point to their platform and tell them that their platform pledges the party to get rid of a gold standard and substitute bimetallism. In January 1791, at the request of Congress, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the currency. . [7] This would inflate the money supply, and, adherents argued, increase the nation's prosperity. His opponent, William Jennings Bryan (who Littlefield suggested was represented by the cowardly lion in The Wizard of Oz) was famous for his "Cross of Gold" speech. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. With a two-thirds vote of the delegates needed to nominate, almost every silver delegate would have to vote for the same candidate to assure success, though any organized support from gold delegates would greatly damage a silver candidate's chances. Full text and audio version of "Cross of Gold" at History Matters. The temporary chairmanship, for example, would have permitted him to deliver the keynote address. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as shown by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party.[77]. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. From the beginning of the speech, Bryan suggests that his cause is righteous and. Much activity took place in advance of the formal opening as the silver and (vastly outnumbered) gold forces prepared their strategies. The person who gave the Cross of Gold speech was the orator and politician William Jennings Bryan. Bryan had been a dark horse candidate with little support in the convention. An 1896 cartoon of William Jennings Bryan supporting "Free Silver." What exactly did he mean that money did not need to be "backed" by gold? 7.5 x 4.75 in. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as described by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party. [91] He received many letters from supporters, expressing their faith in him in stark terms. They complain about the plank which declares against the life tenure in office. Our silver Democrats went forth from victory unto victory, until they are assembled now, not to discuss, not to debate, but to enter up the judgment rendered by the plain people of this country. Out of all of the prominent business figures that arose during the Gilded Age, Andrew Carnegie is perhaps viewed in the most positive light. He sent letters to national convention delegates, urging them to support silver, and enclosing copies of his photograph, writings, and speeches. He favored the monetary policy . [1] Bryan's address helped catapult him to the Democratic Party's presidential nomination and is considered one of the greatest political speeches in American history. Bryan, once seated, was Nebraska's representative to the Committee on Resolutions (generally called the "platform committee"), which allocated 80minutes to each side in the debate and selected Bryan as one of the speakers. Bryan, a former Democratic congressman from Nebraska, gained his party's presidential nomination in July of that year after electrifying the Democratic National Convention with his Cross of Gold speech. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [90], The Pullman Company offered Bryan a private car for his trip home; he declined, not wishing to accept corporate favors. Behind the scenes and the irony: -fueling of the trucks uncaring of the president iv. doubt, because there is scarcely a State here today asking for the gold standard which is not in the absolute control of the Republican party. Those who are opposed to this proposition tell us that the issue of paper money is a function of the bank and that the government ought to go out of the banking business. Standing upon this victory-crowned summit, will it turn its face to the rising or the setting sun? His speeches impressed many; even some of his opponents later conceded that Bryan was the most compelling speaker they had ever heard. What will the decision be today? [87] The Chicago Tribune reported that Bryan had lit the spark "which touched off the trail of gun-powder". We care not upon which issue they force the fight. The Populists would reach the high water mark of their political power in 1896, when the Democratic Party nominated William Jennings Bryan as its candidate for President of . The gentleman from New York says that he will propose an amendment providing that this change in our law shall not affect contracts which, according to the present laws, are made payable in gold. Corrections? I shall not slander the fair state of Massachusetts nor the state of New York by saying that when citizens are confronted with the proposition, Is this nation able to attend to its own business?I will not slander either one by saying that the people of those states will declare our helpless impotency as a nation to attend to our own business. [27] However, part of his strategy was to remain inconspicuous until the last possible moment at the convention. Pro-silver forces, with congressional leaders such as Missouri Representative Richard P. Bland, sought the passage of bills to allow depositors of silver bullion to receive it back in the form of coin. [20], Bryan had long planned to run for president. Shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to 70 million, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? We beg no longer; we entreat no more; we petition no more. Both men spoke to hundreds of thousands of people from their chosen venues. They criticize us for our criticism of the Supreme Court of the United States. If they say bimetallism is good but we cannot have it till some nation helps us, we reply that, instead of having a gold standard because England has, we shall restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States have. It did not become unconstitutional until one judge changed his mind; and we cannot be expected to know when a judge will change his mind. Known as an orator even then, Bryan had not always favored free silver out of conviction, stating in 1892 that he was for it because the people of Nebraska were for it. One farmer in the gallery had been about to leave rather than listen to Bryan, whom he deemed a Populist; he had been persuaded to stay. In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. [41], One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. On the fifth ballot, the Illinois delegation, led by Governor Altgeld, switched its votes from Bland to Bryan. Hear William Jennings Bryan deliver his Cross of Gold speech at the Democratic National Convention, William Jennings Bryan: presidential campaign poster, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Cross-of-Gold-speech, The Library of Congress - "Cross of Gold" Speech, Public Broadcasting Service - Cross of Gold Speech. The response, wrote one reporter, came like one great burst of artillery. Men and women screamed and waved their hats and canes. For twenty years, Americans had been bitterly divided over the nation's monetary standard. [25] Bryan biographer Paulo E. Coletta wrote, "during this year [July 1894 June 1895] of calamities, disintegration and revolution, each crisis aided Bryan because it caused division within his party and permitted him to contest for its mastery as it slipped from Cleveland's fingers. My friends, we shall declare that this nation is able to legislate for its own people on every question without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation on earth, and upon that issue we expect to carry every single state in the Union. The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. We do not come as individuals. [10], Implementation of the BlandAllison Act did not end calls for free silver. Having behind us the commercial interests and the laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. [35] Well aware of the overwhelming forces against them, many gold delegates were inclined to concede the platform battle. Now, my friends, let me come to the great paramount issue. William Jennings Bryan delivered his "Cross of Gold" speech at the Democratic National Convention in July of 1896 as part of his bid for the party's presidential nomination. [79] Others took up the standards with the state names on them with each delegation, and planted them by Nebraska's. [11], In 1890, the Sherman Silver Purchase Act greatly increased government purchases of silver. Although Hamilton understood that adjustment might be needed from time to time as precious metal prices fluctuated, he believed that if the nation's unit of value were defined only by one of the two precious metals used for coins, the other would descend to the status of mere merchandise, unusable as a store of value. Afrocentrists, Evangelicals, Hebrew-Israelites and the False Revolution. The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. When you come before us and tell us that we shall disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your action. The 1896 Democratic National Convention followed events unique in post-Civil War American history. "[26], In early 1896, with the economy still poor, there was widespread discontent with the two existing major political parties. It offers discussion questions, classroom activities, and primary source analysis tools. The attorney in a country town is as much a businessman as the corporation counsel in a great metropolis. [17] In his conclusion, Bryan reached back in history: When a crisis like the present arose and the national bank of his day sought to control the politics of the nation, God raised up an Andrew Jackson, who had the courage to grapple with that great enemy, and by overthrowing it, he made himself the idol of the people and reinstated the Democratic party in public confidence. He does use the word gold in a religious allusion, but it's given quite a different meaning. In later years Bryan delivered numerous variations on the speech, some captured on early phonograph recordings. Cross of Gold title of speech William Jennings Bryan gave Cross of Gold speech at Democratic National Covention Nebraska congressman seeking presidential nomination Democratic National Convention To whom did Bryan gives his Cross of Gold Speech in Chicago? How is it today? "[55] Hill gave a calm speech defending the gold position, and swayed few delegates. Delegates called for better-known speakers, such as Altgeld or Bryan, but were granted neither then; the Illinois governor declined, and the Nebraskan, once seated, spent much of his time away from the convention floor at the platform committee meeting at the Palmer House. Nevertheless, he won the nomination without the votes of the gold delegates, most of whom either left the convention or refused to vote. [81] Bryan was urged by Senator Jones to allow it, but refused, stating that if his boom would not last overnight, it would never last until November. Thus has the contest been waged, and we have assembled here under as binding and solemn instructions as were ever fastened upon the representatives of a people. I want to suggest this truth, that if the gold standard is a good thing we ought to declare in favor of its retention and not in favor of abandoning it; and if the gold standard is a bad thing, why should we wait until some other nations are willing to help us to let it go? If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. "[67] Harpine suggested that, "by appealing in such an uncompromising way to the agrarian elements and to the West, Bryan neglected the national audience who would vote in the November election". I ask him, if he will apply his logic to us, why he does not apply it to himself. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country. Handout 4: Cross of Gold Speech, one copy for each student Handout 4: Cross of Gold SpeechTeacher Answer Key Handout 5: Assessment, one copy for each student Five signs on large sheets of paper or cardstock with one of the following written on each: Inflation, Deflation, Gold Notes, Silver Notes, and Greenbacks. His dramatic speaking style and rhetoric roused the crowd to a frenzy. [102] Bryan's emphasis on agrarian issues, both in his speech and in his candidacy, may have helped cement voting patterns which kept the Democrats largely out of power until the 1930s. If you want criticisms, read the dissenting opinions of the Court. The individual is but an atom; he is born, he acts, he dies; but principles are eternal; and this has been a contest of principle. He was nominated two more times as the Democratic presidential nominee, but he lost again to McKinley in 1900 and to Republican candidate William H. Taft (1857-1930) in 1908. [50], "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman lived up to his nickname with an incendiary address which began with a reference to his home state's role in beginning the Civil War. That is the question that the party must answer first; and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. Both men had electoral problems: Bland at age 61 was seen by some as a man whose time had passed; Boies was a former Republican who had once decried bimetallism. The dissidents nominated their own ticket; the split in the vote would contribute to Bryan's defeat. . It was clear to listeners as he worked his way through the comparisons that he would refer to the farmer, and when he did, the hall exploded with sound. According to Barnes: The people of the South and the West had for years been convinced of the enormity of the "crime of 1873", and they had long since come to regard silver as the sword that would cut the Gordian knot of privilege. He faced in the direction of the gold-dominated state delegations: There are two ideas of government. The third ballot saw Bland still in the lead, but Bryan took the lead on the fourth ballot. He was known for his deeply held religious beliefs and his popular touch, which earned him the moniker "the Great Commoner." Senators, Bryan rose to speak. [13], The effects of the depression which began in 1893, and which continued through 1896, ruined many Americans. This exhibit features cartoons from Jay N. "Ding" Darling, Homer C . [63] Two alert police officers had joined Bryan as he left the podium, anticipating the crush. It was not unconstitutional when it went before the Supreme Court for the first time. Congress did so, but the debates showed bitter divides in both major parties between silver and gold factions. Nevertheless, Senator John W. Daniel of Virginia was by an overwhelming vote elected temporary chairman, and a Committee on Credentials was appointed that seated Bryan and his contesting Nebraska delegation.[47]. We are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. [106] Historian R. Hal Williams suggested that the opposite philosophy, of legislation for the masses leading to prosperity for all, advocated by Bryan in his speech, informed the domestic policies of later Democratic presidents, including Franklin Roosevelt with his New Deal.[107]. Historian Stanley Jones, in his study of the 1896 election, suggests that western Democrats would have opposed Cleveland even if the party had held its congressional majority in 1894; with the disastrous defeat, they believed the party would be wiped out in the West if it did not support silver. Image No. The man who is employed for wages is as much a businessman as his employer. Therefore, we care not upon what lines the battle is fought. Consciousness of grievances of years and not of months was reflected in the decisive action of the state Democratic conventions in the spring and early summer of 1896. "[60] Bensel noted, "The pump was more than primed, it was ready to explode. American cartoon by Grant Hamilton, 1896, on William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, which won Bryan the presidential nomination. In his "Cross of Gold" speech, Bryan argued that the debate over monetary policy was part of a broader struggle for democracy, political independence and the welfare of the "common man." Bryan's speech was met with rapturous applause and a celebration on the floor of the convention that lasted for over half an hour. They tell us that the income tax ought not to be brought in here; that is not a new idea. [54] He was followed by two other gold men, Senator William Vilas of Wisconsin and former Massachusetts Governor William E. Russell. Cleveland issued a statement urging Democratic voters to support goldthe next convention to be held, in Illinois, unanimously supported silver; the keynote speaker prayed for divine forgiveness for Cleveland's 1892 nomination. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Sources. [51], The debate on the platform opened at the start of the third day of the convention, July 9, 1896. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.[76]. [32], The 1896 Democratic convention opened at the Chicago Coliseum on July 7, 1896. We go forth confident that we shall win. Bryan's "Cross of Gold" Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. [105] Author and political commentator William Safire, in his political dictionary, traced the term "trickle-down economics" (common in the Reagan era) to Bryan's statement that some believe that government should legislate for the wealthy, and allow prosperity to "leak through" on those below. Although the recording does not capture the power and drama of the original address, it does allow us to hear Bryan delivering this famous speech.]. 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